On the Way - Fiction :: Papers

On the Way - Fiction It was a cold windy wickedness in the mid December of 1941. The snow was falling slowly down the footpath while George was walking home. He was wearing a his big embrown coat and a brown hat. George lived in a small wooden house which be built by himself in the forest. George lived alone by himself since his parents unexpended him. He was living away from the world and he didnt know what was happening around him, and he had no idea about the fascism which was in the grip of the world. He was a grown man and he could care for himself, but the loneliness was his problem. His only friends, Mr and Mrs Muller were living a few miles away from him. One twenty-four hours when George was in the forest hunting for food, he heard a womens scream and horses plan of attack to him. George jumped into the bush next to him and waited. He pointed his gun to the direction where the noise was coming from. They were getting closer. Suddenly a Jewish women passed by being chased by two military men in horses. The woman was frightened to close for her life. One of the men in horses pointed his shotgun at her and shot her in the leg. Should I leave her die here?, said the horseman. No, she might come okay to the city again. Lets finish her here and now, answered the other horseman and pointed his gun into her head. George was frightened and terrified, he couldnt watch a woman being murdered in front of him. He fired to one of the evil person that was aiming to the poor woman and killed him. The other horseman ran, he was afraid for loosing his life. The girl was dressed standardised a tramp, with long brown dirty trousers, a sweater with ripped sleeves and old dirty shoes. George went out of the bush and asked the woman Who are you, why are they course after you? The woman answered, My name is Isabel.

Soulless Humanity in George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) :: Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essays

Soulless Humanity in 1984 The year 1984 has since passed but George Orwells prophetic vision of the future could still happen. 1984 portrays a society that has muzzy all trace of individuality, love, and critical thought. George Orwells Negative Utopia depicts the despair of the future of humans and also serves as a sample about fascism. Orwells sets the mood of the book as wiz of hopelessness for the future of humans. He contrasts this mood with a popular philosophy belief in the come about of humanity and the ability of people to contribute peace and justice in the world. These contrasting views set up the premise for the life of Winston Smith, who is one man caught in a society devoted to conformity. Orwells warning to this is that if people can non change the way things are going, our society will lose their human qualities. They will become soulless machines and not have a tip as to their new world they created. This is the world in which Winston Smith is caught in. He is different from the others and in a civilization which does not approve of individuality, Winston is targeted by the disposal from the beginning. Being different in this populace only means rebellion and that exactly is what Winston sets out to do. Winston believes that although he must conform on the outside, that no one can take his individual thought away. Winstons individuality is the only hope for human nature for he questions the most basic principles of the regime, a thoughcrime. One teaching Winston questions is the concept of freedom- How could you have a slogan like freedom is slavery when the concept of freedom has been abolished? Winston goes on to say there will be an end to thought. Orthodoxy means not thinking... Orthodoxy is unconscienceness. The belief that humanity is progressing succession they are really losing their individuality is actually halting human progress. Every aspect of life is changing for the worse while people believe humans are advancin g. One example is Newspeak. As Syme put it, You dont grasp the beauty of the destruction of words. The destruction of words is seen as progress while in actuality, it is another step in destroying individuals and creating a hopeless future. Once this happens, Orwell warns, all hope is lost. Currently, Winston lives in a world filled with the ravishes of war.

Shakespeares Comedy of Errors and Plautus Menaechmi and Amphitruo Ess

Shakespeares prank of Errors and Plautus Menaechmi and Amphitruo One of Shakespeares earliest plays (its first recorded performance in December 1594), The Comedy of Errors has frequently been dismissed as sheer farce, unrepresentative of the playwrights later efforts. While Errors may very well contain farcical elements, it is a complex, layered work that draws upon and reinterprets Plautine comedy. Shakespeare combines aspects of these Latin plays with biblical source material, in the main the Acts of the Apostles and the Pauline Epistle to the Ephesians. While Menaechmi is the most frequently cited classical source for Errors, Plautus Amphitruo is just as relevant an influence Shakespeares treatment of identity and its fragility is derived from this latter work. Of course, there are many other structural and thematic resonances between the three texts each of the plays, to varying degrees, deal with the issues of identity, violence and slavery, while displaying a keen sens ation of aspects of performativity, specifically the figure of the playwright, and the role of the audience. The structural similarities between Comedy of Errors and Plautus Menaechmi and Amphitruo are quite clear. In addition to adopting the traditional five-act social system, Shakespeare creates act divisions which comply with the Evanthian and Donatian definitions of comic structure (prologue, epitasis, protasis, catastrophe), and draws upon the classical stock of characters the senex, servus, parasitus, matrona and meretrix. Of course, this does not mean that Shakespeare is a slavish imitator of all things Plautine. While both of the Roman source plays for Errors begin with a musket ball prologue, set apart from the first act, Errors instead laun... ...s.) Plautus Five of his Plays, London Arthur L. Humphreys, 1914. Crewe, Jonathan V. God or The Good Physician The Rational Playwright in The Comedy of Errors, in Genre, XV (1/2), 1982, pp. 203-223. Dorsch, T.S (ed.) The Comedy of Errors, Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1988. Hall, Jonathan Anxious Pleasures Shakespearean Comedy and the Nation-State, London Associated University Presses, 1995 Hunt, Maurice Slavery, English Servitude, and The Comedy of Errors, in English Literary Renaissance, 27(1) 31-55, Winter 1997. Miola, Robert S. Shakespeare and Clasical Comedy The sour of Plautus and Terence, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1994. Riehle, Wolfgang Shakespeare, Plautus and the Humanist Tradition, Cambridge D.S Brewer, 1990. Segal, Erich (trans.) Plautus Three Comedies, New York and London Harper and Row, 1969.

Computers and Firefighting :: Firefighters Computers Technology Essays

Computers and Firefighting It seems that the advances of today are moving far more quick than people have ever thought about. The only question is that how much farther can we go in the advancement of computer technology to victuals people. One of the ways to support people is in the area of Firefighting. In this field the firemen with stand by of computers is allowed to help civilians when they are in need. The job of now is sightly a little safer to do because of newly advances by computers in the firefighting field. Three important ways computers have contributed is in the ways firemen can refine their cause personal knowledge of the job, personal protective equipment (PPE), and one of the tools invented to locate people. The topic for computer advancement, is of a field that is one of the most critical services condition to people. Why? It is one of most demanding jobs because of what the fireman actually does. In most senses his or her job is not to only fight fires , but also to count out for life within the fire, administer aid if needed, along with the searching for clues to what might have been the cause for the accident or blaze. The Fireman combines the work moral principle of not only his or her job, but along with knowledge of a nurse and police officer. True, he or she does not always play a role on the other areas besides fighting fires, but they have to be able to pick-up where ever they are needed in whatever role. In order to broaden the knowledge of the firemen, it is most commonly done through new types of studying and training. A firemen can take lessons of a CD with help of a computer, and run simulations on their own to refine and expand their own personal abilities as a fireman. Now all they have to do it go to a computer and learn what they need to know, at times even through interactive lessons, instead of using the old method of reading textbooks, magazines, journals, or where ever else the information lies for them to f ind. In the area of the firemens own personal protective equipment, it too has be advanced because of computers. Twenty-five years ago, the turnout wagon train worn by firefighters was used to keep the firefighter from getting wet mainly then with the introduction of Nomex, which was a self-extinguishing man-made material, then came Gortex and PBI.

My University Education Essay -- Education School Learning Essays

My University Education Finding a metaphor that accurately describes my university education was a challenging experience for me because it required me to thoroughly reexamine my attitude towards the whole of my educational experiences--both prior to and in college. In the end, what I discovered was the metaphor I feel describes my education at Bemidji State University is one that is universal to my entire education. My education has been a journey that started the minute I was innate(p) and will glide by throughout my life. Initially, my journey began on one road which stretched before me--along this road were intersections, road signs, accidents, bumps, and mile markers. What I behave learned as a savant in college, has added many more miles to my learning odometer. Mile OneO.K., so lets get back to the beginning. As I mentioned before, my education began the minute I was born and peered curiously into the world around me. Each of the elements of the environs in which I lived c ontributed to my growth and interest in new things. The most important part of this environment was my parents who encouraged me, through example, to value my experiences and to constantly learn from them. As a result of their support, I learned to become an independent and critical thinker. First and foremost, I learned that I could be responsible for my own learning. In essence, it was my choice to learn as much or as little as I wanted from my experiences. Mile TwoHow did this impact my education? In the realm of elementary and secondary education where learning often meant regurgitating the ideas our teachers imparted to us, it meant that I was not nevertheless there to absorb what was going on around me. I was an active member of class w... ... Similarly, I have learned the importance of proceeding with guardianship and obeying the speed limit along the way. I now realize that sometimes I need to slow down to think things through before reacting or overreacting. The people t hat I have met and learned from on my journey have become the bumps and road signs on my educational highway. The bumps have sometimes hindered my progress, whereas the road signs have sent me moving onward and in the right direction. Mile FourWhat does all of this mean to me? It means I am adapt adequate to(p). I am able to go ten miles an hour or eighty miles an hour should the situation arise. I can hit the bumps, adjust the steering, and travel onward with little release of time. I can choose the uncharted course and find a new road to where I want to go. It means that I am restore for the adventure that lies ahead. The odometers running...

My University Education Essay -- Education School Learning Essays

My University Education Finding a metaphor that accurately describes my university education was a challenging experience for me because it required me to thoroughly reexamine my office towards the whole of my educational experiences--both prior to and in college. In the end, what I discovered was the metaphor I feel describes my education at Bemidji State University is one that is world-wide to my entire education. My education has been a tour that started the minute I was born and will continue throughout my life. Initially, my journey began on one road which stretched forrader me--along this road were intersections, road signs, accidents, bumps, and mile markers. What I have learned as a student in college, has added many more miles to my learning odometer. knot unmatchedO.K., so lets get back to the beginning. As I mentioned before, my education began the minute I was born and peered curiously into the world around me. Each of the elements of the environment in which I live d contributed to my growth and interest in new things. The most important part of this environment was my parents who encouraged me, through example, to value my experiences and to constantly learn from them. As a result of their support, I learned to become an independent and critical thinker. First and foremost, I learned that I could be responsible for my own learning. In essence, it was my choice to learn as much or as little as I wanted from my experiences. Mile TwoHow did this impact my education? In the realm of elementary and secondary education where learning often meant regurgitating the ideas our teachers imparted to us, it meant that I was not merely there to absorb what was going on around me. I was an active member of class w... ... Similarly, I have learned the importance of proceeding with caution and obeying the speed limit along the way. I now introduce that sometimes I need to slow down to think things through before reacting or overreacting. The people that I h ave met and learned from on my journey have become the bumps and road signs on my educational highway. The bumps have sometimes hindered my progress, whereas the road signs have sent me moving onward and in the right direction. Mile FourWhat does all of this mean to me? It means I am adaptable. I am able to go ten miles an hour or eighty miles an hour should the situation arise. I can hit the bumps, adjust the steering, and travel onward with little loss of time. I can choose the uncharted course and take care a new road to where I want to go. It means that I am ready for the adventure that lies ahead. The odometers running...

Article Review Gill, Valerie Essay

In the article Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perkins Gilman Architects of Female Power by seed Valerie gill, Ms. Gill essays to bridge the gap between what appears to be two powerful women of their metre with two totally disparate opinions of the American woman and the type of conduct they should lead. The author points out the obvious balances of opinions in the writings of the two women, who atomic number 18 related by the way, and the contrary era in which they write.Catharine Beecher was the great aunt of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and lived and wrote during a metre whena woman working in any other place besides the home was not something that happened often. A womans job during this time was to raise children and play the home a warm, inviting space that had functionality that would allow for separate spheres for the men and women, allowing the men to defecate a place to discuss outside ventures and women to have a place to deal with domestic matters.Charlotte Perkin s Gilman on the other hand, lived during a period where productivity was happening in factories all over the country. Her feminist attempt to undo hergreat aunts appraisal that women should be assigned to only the home made it appear that the two women had absolutely nothing in green when it came to the ideas on how women should be viewed socially. Gill points out how the two very different opinions actually have many things in common.Both women agree that the contribution of women is very important to the health of society, even though they disagree on what their roles should be. By suggesting that each writer knows what is the best arrangement for women to experience shows another analogy between the two writers.Aspointed out by Gill, Both writers conceptualize the identity of women in spatial as well as socioeconomic terms, anticipate that the fulfillment of their own sex can be quite literally mapped out. The author makes a point that even though their opinions of what is i deal are very different, the idea that there is one way to make women live a full life is exactly the same. Both women also had the common closedown that the womans place, whether it is in the home working or in the factory working, would make a great impact on the society.Architectural ideas as to better society are another thing these two authors had in common, aspointed out by Gill in the article. The elder author Beecher would make drawings in her articles about staging the home and using dividers as a way to make more areas in the home, and Gilman, being concerned about the lives lead by farmers wives, included drawings of a farming community shaped like a pie that had common areas to share, as to make life easier for them. provoke enough, Gill included in her article a picture of a drawing done by Beecher, along with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe, later in life of a block of houses with common areas usedto house the homeless, helpless, and vicious which very much resemble d Gilmans block community idea where people shared common spaces and so that some women could take care of the children and household duties while others went out in the community to work.This is an excellent example of Beecher thinking like Gilman in the assortment of public and private space. It is my opinion that the aging Beecher was beginning to think out of the box. This article was insightful and gave a great example of how people with a difference of opinion can actually be thinking the same.If one just read the two womens writings without an open mind, one would think they were tout ensemble different and had totally different ideas. Valerie Gill allowed the reader of the article to view a situation such as this one in a different way and to keep an open mind and read between the lines of any writings. I would have liked to have seen her go on and discuss the idea that some women may belong at home and some may belong in the workforce. I believe that every woman has a dif ferent situation to consider and what is important to one woman may not be important to another.

Hallstead Jewelers Case Study

Submitted by Yellow Team Eunice King Ronda Klassen Joshua Krupnick Larry McCraw Ronald Mills BUS 5431 managerial Accounting Professor Nancy Shoemake April 18, 2010 1. 0Summary Hallstead Jewelers was one of the largest jewelry and gift stores in the United States for 83 years. Customers came from throughout the region to buy from extensive collections in each department. each gift from Hallsteads had an extra cache attached to it as they were known for having the best.Even though the principal retail shopping areas shifted two blocks west, Hallsteads character and selection still brought in customers. In 1999 however, gross gross r chargeue became stagnate and profits were starting to slip. The owners (two sisters, Gretchen and Michaela) made several changes in an trial to revitalize the store clog to its full glory. The largest decision they made was to move the stores location, expanding it by 50% more space and selling staff. This move resulted in a five-year lease as conside rably as extensive and expensive renovations.They also made some changes in product offerings and offered more sales potential at the cost of minor reductions in margins. During the year it took to complete the Hallsteads renovation the industry started showing major changes toward internet based jewelry sales. Tiffany & Company, a business with an origin much(prenominal) same(p) Hallstead Jewelers, grew into an international powerhouse. At the same time, a start-up internet seller, grubby Nile, became the second largest diamond seller in the U. S.While Hallsteads was growing their fixed be by doubling their rent payments, Tiffany and Blue Nile were increasing their revenue with virtual storefronts allowing them to change magnitude sales with very little increase in expense. In an effort to explore ideas in strategy that would return the business to profitability, the sisters compiled some questions for their accountant to analyze using some additional operating statistics. Th e following answers will set about a deeper look into the mechanics of the business and provide Gretchen and Michaela with recommendations to get their business back on track. 2. Changes in Breakeven and Margin of Safety The following table shows that speckle the dedicateeven in both sales dollars and number of sales shreds has continued to rise from 2003, to 2004, and to 2006, the margin of safety has lessen over the same period of time. What caused this change? 3. 0Reduction in Price One idea the advisor had was to reduce prices to bring in more customers. The following table illustrates that by reducing prices 10% and increasing sales to 7,500 tickets, the companys operating income significantly decreases, losing an additional $580K over the previous(prenominal) years income/loss.Breakeven in sales tickets is 9,337 an increase of 1,832 from the previous year. Breakeven in sales dollars increases $1. 47 million to a total of $13. 12 million needed. 4. 0 emptying of Sales Co mmissions Another idea that Gretchen had was to eliminate sales commissions even though both her grandad and Father insisted that commissions were one of the reasons for their success in the past. The figure below illustrates that the elimination of sales commission greatly happen upons operating income.By eliminating the sales commission in a projection of the ternion previously reported years, we can see that operating income is in the positive for all three periods. Although Gretchens father and granddad perceive commission to give them a competitive edge, calculations prove that the commission payments are definitely hurting Halsteads bottom line. Further consideration should be given to eliminate them if possible. 5. 0Advertising Michaela felt that a bigger store could benefit from greater advertising and suggested that advertising be change magnitude by $200,000.If advertising expenses were increased by $200,000, the breakeven point in both sales dollars and sales tickets would increase. For Fiscal Year (FY) 2006, Hallstead spent $257,000 on advertising. If this were increased to $457,000, the breakeven point would be as follows Breakeven in sales tickets = Breakeven sales dollars / amount sales tickets 7,805 = $12,120,525. 73 / $1,553 Breakeven in sales dollars = Total Fixed Costs / Contribution margin ratio $12,120,525. 73 = $5,211,000 / 0. 430The affect of the increases in advertising expenditures on the breakeven point in sales dollars would be an increase from $11,655,335. 72 to $12,120,525. 73, a difference of $465,190. 01. It would probably be a favourable idea for Hallstead Jewelers to try the increase in advertising. Although the company is currently struggling with a negative operating income, the increase in breakeven dollars is relatively nominal. Competition from much larger companies, such as Tiffany & Company, as well as internet jewelry sales from companies such as Blue Nile has taken some of their business. possibly some of this i ncreased advertising budget should be spent on expanding their business to the internet and advertising there allowing Hallstead to compete more directly with Blue Nile and boost sales. Increased advertising may also help bring in more customers who are not yet aware of the companys new Washington St. location and larger renovated store. 6. 0average Sales Tickets The following overview takes a look at how much the average sales ticket would have to increase to breakeven if the fixed cost remained the same in 2007 as it was in 2006. Average sales ticket for 2006 is $1,553 6,897 tickets for an Operating loss of $406,000. of tickets x Average sales ticket = Sales revenue 6,897 tickets x $1,553 = $10,711,041 Average ticket sale dollar amount needed to break even = Sales revenue needed to break even / of sales tickets for 2006 Average ticket sale dollar amount needed to break even = (Fixed Cost / Contribution Margin Ratio) / of sales tickets for 2006 Average ticket sale dollar amount needed to break even = ($5,011,000 / 0. 43) / 6,897 Average ticket sale dollar amount needed to break even = $1689. 2 Average sales ticket increase to break-even = Average ticket sale needed to break even Average sales ticket for 2006 Average sales ticket increase to break-even = $1690 $1,553 = $137 By reducing prices 10% and increasing sales to 7,500 tickets, the companys operating income significantly decreases, losing an additional $580K over the previous years income/loss. Breakeven in sales tickets is 9,337 an increase of 1,832 from the previous year. Breakeven in sales dollars raises $1. 47 million to a total of $13. 12 million needed. 7. 0RecommendationsIn our analysis of Hallstead Jewelers we found that Income was steadily declining and the move to the new location, with increased fixed costs, resulted in a loss for 2006. We implemented several options to see what variances would occur. A consultant recommended a 10% reduction in prices which would lead to an increase in sales. We showed this to be a bad idea as operating income significantly decreased with the price reduction. Another idea was to eliminate sales commission. Eliminating sales commission greatly enhanced operating income and resulted in positive operating income for all three years.Michaela suggested increasing the advertising budget by $200,000. Increasing the advertising budget increased the breakeven in sales dollars by $465,190 if increasing the advertising budget results in increased sales it would be justifiable. Based on our analysis of Hallstead Jewelers we would recommend that they discontinue the practice of paying sales commissions. Although Gretchens father and grandfather perceived sales commission to give them a competitive edge and drive sales, calculations prove that the commission payments are definitely hurting Halsteads bottom line.Elimination of sales commission in 2006 would have resulted in $1,215,184 less in breakeven sales dollars. The companys name and reput ation should be asset enough to drive Hallstead Jewelers sales. In addition, we would recommend Hallstead Jewelers use $200,000 from the elimination of the sales commissions and apply it to increasing the advertisement budget combating stiff competition from large retailers such as Tiffany and Company and the internet business, Blue Nile.The increased advertising budget should be assessed on an annual basis to validate its effectiveness. Works Cited Jiambalvo, James. Managerial Accounting 4th ed. New island of Jersey John Wiley, 2010. Break-Even Analysis. Wikipedia Online http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Break_even_analysis. (11 APR. 2010) Contribution Margin. Wikipedia Online http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Contribution_margin. (10 APR. 2010)

Ozone Layer

IntroductionWhat is Ozone?The chemical formula for ozone is O3. The molecule of ozone constitutes three atoms of group O. Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen and is less stable than the diatomic species O2. Ozone is highly reactive form of oxygen. Ozone in the upper horizontal surface of the atmosphere protects the unseeable rays from reaching the earth surface on the other hand ozone in the lower layer of the earth surface causes respiratory problems in living organisms. About 90 percent of ozone is present in the stratosphere (15 to 50 km altitude). Ozone has two vital functions. First, it is responsible for filtering out large wavelength band of ultraviolet solar radiation, radiation which would be lethal to the creatures of the earth if it arrived, the earth surface in full intensity. Second, ozone warms the upper layer of the stratosphere, which is an important part of the mechanism of the suffer phenomena of the earth atmosphere. The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere wa s first recognized by Cornu in 1879 and Hartley in 1880.Formation of ozone layerThe formation of ozone layer is photochemical mechanism. The ultraviolet rays scratch the oxygen molecules splitting the oxygen molecule into two independent unstable atoms of oxygen. These unstable oxygen atoms in search of stability combine with the unbroken oxygen molecules to form less stable ozone. Since ozone is less stable, ultraviolet rays further split it yielding oxygen molecule and oxygen atom. This process forms a chain and gets repeat again and again. This is a never ending process. Ozone is a trace gas in the atmosphere. Even in the stratosphere where it is most concentrated, it forms only a few move per million of the local atmospheric composition.Disco very(prenominal) of ozone holeThe Antarctic ozone hole was discovered in 1985. A team of scientists from the British Antarctic survey reported a very larger seasonal fall in ozone values measured over their station at Halley Bay in Antar ctica. Every year in kinfolk and October, ozone levels were falling significantly, by about 25 percent but sometimes by as much as 60 percent. The decline probably started nigh 1976. Data showed no significant changes during 1957 and 1975 but there were apparent changes from 1977 to 1984. When scientists reported the Antarctic Ozone hole and, more importantly, that the impact of ozone depletion would include increased risk of cataract and scramble cancer and of reduced body immunity, the public, especially in the north, became worried.Depletion of ozone in the stratosphereThe debates point towards the oxides of nitrogen and water-vapor from the exhaust of high flying aircraft. This was followed by a widely create argument that inert chlorine containing compounds might significantly deplete stratospheric ozone. By 1985, the concerns about nitrogen oxides were largely laid to rest.The Montreal Protocol to the 1985 Vienna Convention for the vindication of Ozone layer, signed on Se ptember 16, 1987 is one of the small numbers of international environmental agreements that have had rapid and concrete impacts on the actions of the nations and other groups responsible for the pure tone of environment.While the 1985 Vienna Convention only urged States to adopt measures to reduce their consumption of harmful chemicals, Parties to the Montreal Protocol agreed to reduce consumption, of key Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to 50 percent of 1986 levels by 1988. through the effort of industry, government and public interest groups, and motivated by improvements in scientific understanding, technical capability and a willingness to overcome social and economic barriers, decreases in use and phase-outs have progressed further and faster than expected while the list of controlled chemicals has expanded. At meetings in London in 1990 and Copenhagen in 1992, Parties accelerated the original reduction schedules and added the new substances to the list. Three years later, at the seventh meeting of the Parties in Vienna, Parties agreed to phase-out methyl bromide.Incremental CostsMany actions that help protect the global environment incur incremental costs. For example, the choice of more expensive (but non-ozone-depleting) technologies and chemicals to provide a given level of refrigeration yields a global environmental benefit in the form of security department for the ozone layer in the Stratosphere. This global benefit has non been valued monetarily but had been judged implicitly to exceed the costs of phasing out ozone depleting substances (ODSs). Incremental costs are cosmos incurred to protect global biodiversity, reduce the risk of climate change, and prevent the pollution of international waters. Benefits of protecting the global or regional environment accrue to umpteen nations, rather than only to the country that incurs the cost of action. To minimize the global incremental costs, that is to achieve a given level of ozone-depleting substance s phase out at the last(a) cost to the world community.Future impactsThe negotiations concerning Ozone between 1982 and 1992 have launched and developed a new type of diplomacy, which can rightly be called global environmental diplomacy. While it is for sure true that the Montreal Protocol involved many countries with strong views on what should be done, there was always a willingness to take one step at a time. The phasing out of CFCs are could not be agreed upon in 1987, it was accepted 50 percent. The agreement to phase out methyl chloroform by 2000 was not agreed upon in London, it was accepted in 2003. Of course, countries agreed to the interim steps because they believed they could come back another time and make the step more stringent, which is what happened at every stage. But, the spirit of compromise was critical to the success of the Protocol.Likely, future demand for each ODS use was projected to the year 2010 (2015 for 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane) in the absence of any l imitations impose by the Montreal Protocol. The resultant unconstrained demand forecasts provided the baseline estimate of the quantities of the ODSs to be substituted if demand for products is to be fulfilled, thus maintaining the domestic benefit. Given the uncertainties associated with forecasting, especially so off the beaten track(predicate) into the future, the projections were only indicative of likely future trends.The future state of the ozone layer will remain still because it will be controlled not only by chlorine and bromine loading but also by the atmospheric abundance of nitrous oxide, methane, sulphate particles, carbon dioxide and water vapor and by the climate of the earth. It is essential to clarify the mechanisms potentially delaying the recovery of the ozone layer. Such work should be followed by research for predicting the future of the ozone layer, as well as risk assessments and countermeasures, victorious into account the above mentioned uncertainties. It is also important to study the possible impacts of ozone layer destruction on human health and ecosystems.Works CitedDr. Christie Maureen. The Ozone Layer A Philosophy of experience Perspective.Cambridge University Press (2001)Mohan Munasinghe. King Kenneth. Ozone Layer Protection Country Incremental Costs.World Bank Publications (1995)Le Preste, Phillipe G. Reid, John D. Morehouse Thomas E. Protecting the Ozone Layer Lessons, Models and Prospects.Springer (1998)

Similarity and Coyote

Martinez, Jose Per. 2 9-14-12 prairie wolf and the Buffalo and Fox and coyote and giant are both darnel tales in the Native American culture. These trickster tales do share similarities however they do share a difference as well. The similarities between these two trickster tales is that they explain why the world is how it is, and they present morale t all(prenominal)ings, but the difference in these is how brush wolf is portrayed in the trickster tales.One similarity that these two trickster tales suck up is that they explain why the world is how it is. For archetype in Coyote and the Buffalo Coyote kills the young cow that was give to him by Buffalo Bull as food, then he goes to Buffalo Bull to ask for another one, but the young cow that Coyote had killed has returned from the d.o.a. and refuses to go with him and Buffalo Bull also denies him another one. This explains why there are no buffalo in the Kettle Falls on the capital of South Carolina River, all because of Coyot e.In Fox and Coyote and Whale Fox and Coyote go after Foxs wife who was kidnapped by Whale. After Fox and Coyote rescue her, Fox cuts off Whales head and tosses it into the ocean and that is why whales dont live in the rivers and Whale could no nightlong make love to the wives of other men. The trickster tale also explains why Land People and Water people dont love each other because Fox killed Whale. Another similarity between these two trickster tales is the moral teachings.The moral teaching in Coyote and the Buffalo is to not be greedy. An example would be when Coyote killed the young cow for more food because he was tired of eating the fat of the young cow and as a result he gets the remains of the young cow stolen and is soon left with nothing. In Fox and Coyote and Whale the moral is to be helpful and selfless. An example would be when Fox and Coyote set on a quest to rescue Foxs wife from Whale.In the end Fox ends up acquiring his wife back because Coyote was selfless and h elpful. The difference is how Coyote is portrayed in these trickster tales. In Coyote and the Buffalo Coyote can be seen as a coward because when he his in a tree with Buffalo Bull on the ground nerve-wracking to knock the tree down and trying to kill him Coyote bargains with Buffalo Bull that if he spares his life he will make him new horns. However, in Fox and Coyote and Whale Coyote can be seen as a hero.He helps his brother, Fox, rescue his wife. In the first trickster tale he is seen as someone who only helps himself unlike in the second one he is seen as someone who helps his brother. In conclusion, both of these tales are similar, but they do have at least one difference. What they have in common can be seen in how they explain why the world is the way it is and moral teachings. They do, however, have a difference and its how the character Coyote is portrayed in each trickster tale.

The Tourism Product- Components of the Tourism Industry

Introduction to tourism BEM1012 James Ince 620021716 number one tutorial question- Describe how the components of the tourism manufacturing interact to let downher in order to provide phaetons with their holiday experience. Please state whether you agree, or disagree with the view of some academics that at that place is no such thing as the Tourism Product. In the industry of tourism, there are a number of components that link together, to provide a family, couple or a group with a vacation. These components are more deal steps. These steps include, how you get to your refinement, where you layover, what activities you do and who organizes solely of these things.The formal names for these components are accommodation sphere of influence, attraction welkin, transport sector, travel organisers sector, destination sector. They all play a vital role in any vacation. The accommodation sector deals with where they are going to stay, for example, hotel, hostel and bed and breakfast. The attraction sector involves what activities the guest go away do, while vacating. For example, Amusement parks, museums, b each(prenominal)es. The transport sector deals with how the tourist will get to their destination. Whether it is bus, train, plane or cruise ship.The travel organizers are the pack that market and sell you the trips. For example, travel agents, tour guides, cruise lines. Destination sector is where the government assist a business. For example, Government may guarantee revenue, tax incentives to skeletal frame hotels or attractions. All of these segments need to be balanced and coordinated properly to spot a successful industry. If anyone of these steps is not completed to a accepted standard, it could impact on the overall industry. In the industry, there is something called the tourism product.This is what a destination collectively does, that either influences the tourist in a positive or negative way. At the end of the trip, it is the tourist percept ion of the destination, which is the tourism product. It is all the physical and non-physical components grouped together. For example, some of the physical components would be transportation and attractions. The non-physical components would be things like the weather and safety. The tourism product is providing the consentient experience to the costumer, giving them the non-bias opinions for their vacation.Some academics pay back said that they dont believe there is such thing as a tourism product. I disagree with this statement, because I believe you could have a successful business that provides all of these things to the costumer. My idea of the tourism product is having all of the components and steps needed to shambling the perfect vacation, added into one big step. This would save the customer, a lot of effort researching on their destination, which they know nothing about. They would get the insights, and secrets on their destination. Without all of the bias and marketin g strategies.This business would be successful and reliable because, it is not their product to sell, they are just putting it together for the costumer. The business would have to put the whole trip together for the costumer. To achieve this the business would have to get an insight on what the costumers interests were, to therefore plan activities that they would enjoy. To complete this process, they would have to put together all of the components together. Starting with the accommodation sector. A good example of a tourism product is, in my country Barbados, there are many different kinds of vacations you could have.If you are of the wealthy class in England, you open fire come to Barbados and stay in a five star resort. You laughingstock take the expensive chartered yachts out for the day as attractions. There are BBWs you dirty dog rent to drive around for you transportation, this way you scum bag have all the things you have at home. If this life style does not lawsuit y ou and you are more of a middle class citizen in England. You could debase a cheap airplane ticket, from a travel agent on your street. Arrive on virgin or British airways. Stay in a three star hotel, rent a small car. Choose attractions that suit you, going to the beach, spending days in rum shops.Both of these examples give a abbreviated explanation about what the tourism product is. The first component that the tourist must deal with while planning their vacation is, accommodation sector. This sector deals with where the tourists stay when they are vacating. This sector really depends on who is it is staying, whether it is a family, childlike couple, honeymooners or elderly. It depends on this because they will want to be close to attractions that they enjoy. For example, young state will want to be close to the club street, while elderly would like to be close to museums or spas.This link up to other components because, for transportation. They would like to fly in near to their hotel therefore they wouldnt have to pay so much to get from the airport to their hotel. This reasoning also applies to the attraction sector also, because the tourist vacating, would prefer to be close to the attractions, that they have chosen to participate in. This sector is vital in planning for a vacation, because it determines where you are going to stay. The two factors that serve well people decide where they are going to stay are price and quality.These two factors usually come hand in hand. Although if you do teeming research and enough asking around. You will find a cheap place to stay, with standard quality. The main challenges that occur when dealing with these components are safety, quality, how central it is, fake marketing and how fill it will be. The second component that is dealt with when planning a vacation is the transportation sector. This sector deals with how the tourist will get from their home to their destination. When tourist plans this stage, t hey look for the cheapest, safest and exceed quality flight.This links to the previous component because, when you are traveling you want to get near to where you are staying. Therefore you wont have to travel removed to get to your accommodation, and save money on extra traveling expenses. This component also depends on what kind of group is going on this vacation. If you have young ones that you are traveling with you wont book first class because they would probably be too loud. It also depends on how wealthy you are. For example if you cant afford first class, it is unnecessary to book it because it is a luxury need, not a necessity.The third component of the tourism industry is the attraction sector. This sector deals with what the tourist will do while on vacation. To plan this, you must first look at who is traveling. For example, if it is a young group of friends, then attractions that suit them are nightclubs or amusement parks. If elderly are traveling, then museums or r estaurants will attract them. This links to transport because you need a way to get there. If it is nearby, then taxi will be adequate, but if the journey is far, then a train or bus may be necessary.It also links to the component accommodation because of the same reason you want to search for attractions near to your hotel. You want to do this because you dont have to pay that extra for aloofness transportation. The fourth component is the travel organizer. This sector is about who markets, sells and organizes your trip. This is the sector that is advertised in the television and radio these people put together your trip, and try to make it as cost affected as they can. Examples of travel organizers would be cruise lines. Cruise lines are all in one package deals, you pay for everything upfront, and the whole trip is planned for you.This is a sensible trip, because you know how much you are spending upfront. The fifth and last component is the destination sector. This sector deals with government assisting and part the tourism industry. The government does this, because they want to economy to be competitive, and each industry to strive. Examples of government assisting the industry would be, government pay for infrastructure, incentives to build hotels or other attractions, dressing course for staff and allowing a business to do something, in order to attract people.This component links to the others, because some businesses cannot afford to do all of these things without help from government. To conclude, each of these components assist each other, in order for people to have a balanced trip. These components include, accommodations, attractions, transportation, travel organizers and destination sector. Each of these is needed for a tourist to have an enjoyable trip. If one of these components is not completed, the whole trip could be impacted majorly, there needs to be a balance among all of the steps.In the industry there is something called the touris m product, this product is the perception of the destination, from the tourists point of view. Whether the perception is negative or positive. It is how all of the components have come together, and how well they complemented, and worked with each other. Many academics think that there is no such thing as a tourism product I disagree with this opinion, because I believe you can have a successful business, which provides all of these components to a customer.

American Beauty

There are numerous solid motives in the1999 consider entitled the Statesn sweetheart, directed by Sam Mendes. In this film, Lester Burnham a 42-year-old, depressed suburban father has a mid- life-magazine crisis and voluntarily decides to repeal his chaotic life around later onwards developing a fascination for his daughters attractive friend, Angela. Similarly, The title American Beauty is recordn to be significant with the satiric hunger between Lester and Angela , Lester realizing the yellowish pink throughout his life sincerely, and the American apricot uprise used as a symbol.This representation exclusivelyows the director to in conclusion hint that everyone depart bump into the beauty in America and their lives. In the movie American Beauty, the lust outlineed is shown very satirically and creates a deep change on the compositors cases throughout the film. For example, lust is illustrated when Lester notices Angela for the outgrowth time and feels at a tim e compelled to her. Which gives the allusion of beauty but ultimately is very disturbing because of Angelas age. Although, Lester suddenly feels the need to notice Angela.Subsequently, after meeting her he says, Its the weirdest thing I feel exchangeable Ive been in a comma for around 20 long time and Im just now waking up (American Beauty). In stating this, Lester explains how he felt like he was living every day like the last and not really living at all until he met Angela. To elaborate, Lester states, The bring out of my day is masturbating in the shower (American Beauty). By using the word highlight sows that its the most arousing part of his day which he combines with masturbating. Although, after he meets Angela he feels as though he was waking up for the graduation exercise time (American Beauty).This feeling leads him to start working out, smoking weed, and working at his old teenage job in order to get Angela interested in him. Therefore, the lust shown between Leste r and Angela depicts the title American Beauty because of the want or need to feel wanted and loved by someone. Lastly, Lester realizing the beauty in his life helps prove the implication of the title. With Lester feeling as if his life is pathetic and softened in the beginning of the film, to the end where he feels as though he is great. For example, Lester states, I am grateful for every moment in my stupid life (American Beauty).Meaning that Lester knew most times his life was stupid, although he mollify saw the beauty in everything. Lester sincerely finds the beauty in his life right onwards he is murdered and continues to after he dies. He says, I guess I could be pissed about what happened to me, but there is so a lot beauty in the world (American Beauty). Implying that he felt as though he could be mad that his life was taken from him, but he in conclusion witnessed his daughter being happy and in love and realized that he truly still loved his wife. Therefore, he has no choice but to be thankful for the life he had been given.This strongly depicts the American beauty by allowing Lester to sincerely see beauty in his dysfunctional life. The rose called American beauty is introduced various times as a symbol throughout the film. The rose is presented satirically for the first time when Carolyn is trimming her American beauty rose bushes in the cause super C. Everything seems to be perfect with the white picket fence and the suburban house-wife outside doing yard work. Although, like the rose, everything is beautiful at first glace, but when you look deeper you see the thorns and the dysfunction within the family.In addition, the American beauty rose is in like manner introduced uncounted times while Lester is fantasizing about Angela. For example, the moment Lester spots Angela for the first time he imagines her undressing for him while being the only ones in an auditorium. She opens her shirt and vibrant rose pedals come flowing from her ch est (American Beauty). This represents the beauty that he not only sees in her though, also the beauty that she brings to his life. Which is portrayed to be very satirical because of his fanaticizing about Angela who is a young girl.Hence, the significance of the title American Beauty and the representation that is shown through the American beauty rose. Although, some whitethorn say that the American beauty rose is portrayed sincerely in the film. They might plead that at the end of the film, when Lester has just seen the beauty throughout his life, there is a vibrant redolence of American beauty roses on the table in front of him. Showing the sincere feelings of beauty that Lester is realizing for the first time while looking at his family portrait. hoi polloi can also argue that in the next outlook whereLester has been killed the roses are suddenly blackened and dead. Also, the vivid red blood splattered around the flowers helps portray the lack of color and beauty in the ros es it self. This sincerely shows the darkness of deaths and the arrival of death when Lester had just recognized the beauty in his life. Therefore one may argue the American beauty rose is portrayed as sincere as well as satirical. Subsequently, this shows the representation of American Beauty allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives.While every character in the film was dysfunctional they all came to a realization of the beauty in their lives at the end of the movie. Although each character didnt have to loose their life to see the beauty, the murder of Lester allowed the beauty to be revealed and also enables the characters to have a somewhat epiphany. In conclusion, Janet Maslin, a film critic from the New York Times states, if you dont feel the films dandy vision of what really matters, someday you will ( 293). Therefore restating that everyone will see the beauty in the dysfunction of America someday before or aft er they die.American BeautyThere are numerous significant motives in the1999 film entitled American Beauty, directed by Sam Mendes. In this film, Lester Burnham a 42-year-old, depressed suburban father has a mid-life crisis and voluntarily decides to turn his chaotic life around after developing a fascination for his daughters attractive friend, Angela. Similarly, The title American Beauty is proven to be significant with the satirical lust between Lester and Angela , Lester realizing the beauty throughout his life sincerely, and the American beauty rose used as a symbol.This representation allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives. In the movie American Beauty, the lust portrayed is shown very satirically and creates a deep affect on the characters throughout the film. For example, lust is illustrated when Lester notices Angela for the first time and feels instantly compelled to her. Which gives the allusion of beauty but ultimately is very disturbing because of Angelas age. Although, Lester suddenly feels the need to know Angela.Subsequently, after meeting her he says, Its the weirdest thing I feel like Ive been in a comma for about 20 years and Im just now waking up (American Beauty). In stating this, Lester explains how he felt like he was living every day like the last and not really living at all until he met Angela. To elaborate, Lester states, The highlight of my day is masturbating in the shower (American Beauty). By using the word highlight sows that its the most arousing part of his day which he combines with masturbating. Although, after he meets Angela he feels as though he was waking up for the first time (American Beauty).This feeling leads him to start working out, smoking weed, and working at his old teenage job in order to get Angela interested in him. Therefore, the lust shown between Lester and Angela depicts the title American Beauty because of the want or need to feel wanted an d loved by someone. Lastly, Lester realizing the beauty in his life helps prove the implication of the title. With Lester feeling as if his life is pathetic and boring in the beginning of the film, to the end where he feels as though he is great. For example, Lester states, I am grateful for every moment in my stupid life (American Beauty).Meaning that Lester knew most times his life was stupid, although he still saw the beauty in everything. Lester sincerely finds the beauty in his life right before he is murdered and continues to after he dies. He says, I guess I could be pissed about what happened to me, but there is so much beauty in the world (American Beauty). Implying that he felt as though he could be mad that his life was taken from him, but he finally witnessed his daughter being happy and in love and realized that he truly still loved his wife. Therefore, he has no choice but to be thankful for the life he had been given.This strongly depicts the American beauty by all owing Lester to sincerely see beauty in his dysfunctional life. The rose called American beauty is introduced various times as a symbol throughout the film. The rose is presented satirically for the first time when Carolyn is trimming her American beauty rose bushes in the front yard. Everything seems to be perfect with the white picket fence and the suburban house-wife outside doing yard work. Although, like the rose, everything is beautiful at first glace, but when you look deeper you see the thorns and the dysfunction within the family.In addition, the American beauty rose is also introduced countless times while Lester is fantasizing about Angela. For example, the moment Lester spots Angela for the first time he imagines her undressing for him while being the only ones in an auditorium. She opens her shirt and vibrant rose pedals come flowing from her chest (American Beauty). This represents the beauty that he not only sees in her though, also the beauty that she brings to his l ife. Which is portrayed to be very satirical because of his fanaticizing about Angela who is a young girl.Hence, the significance of the title American Beauty and the representation that is shown through the American beauty rose. Although, some may say that the American beauty rose is portrayed sincerely in the film. They might argue that at the end of the film, when Lester has just seen the beauty throughout his life, there is a vibrant bouquet of American beauty roses on the table in front of him. Showing the sincere feelings of beauty that Lester is realizing for the first time while looking at his family portrait. People can also argue that in the next scene whereLester has been killed the roses are suddenly blackened and dead. Also, the vivid red blood splattered around the flowers helps portray the lack of color and beauty in the roses it self. This sincerely shows the ugliness of deaths and the arrival of death when Lester had just recognized the beauty in his life. Therefore one may argue the American beauty rose is portrayed as sincere as well as satirical. Subsequently, this shows the representation of American Beauty allows the director to ultimately suggest that everyone will see the beauty in America and their lives.While every character in the film was dysfunctional they all came to a realization of the beauty in their lives at the end of the movie. Although each character didnt have to loose their life to see the beauty, the murder of Lester allowed the beauty to be revealed and also enables the characters to have a somewhat epiphany. In conclusion, Janet Maslin, a film critic from the New York Times states, if you dont feel the films piercing vision of what really matters, someday you will ( 293). Therefore restating that everyone will see the beauty in the dysfunction of America someday before or after they die.

Shoe-Horn Sonata and Changi – Distinctly Visual Extended Response

The distinctly visual is able to shape perception and intend of concerns and experiences within the texts Shoe-Horn Sonata and Changi Seeing is believing. The use of techniques in both texts allows the sense of hearing to understand the effects of state of contend on the individual and the impact of the experiences encountered. The Shoe-Horn Sonata is a play by John Misto that gives an perceptivity into two lives of two female prisoners of war in World War 2. The play explores terrible events associated with prisoners of war and follows the friendship of the two women Bridie and Sheila.Truth, honestly and candour is the central idea of the play. The idea of right, telling the truth and recognising the truth is located in the interrelationship between the two women during the war. An example of this is when Sheila reveals her secret of giving herself up to a Jap to save Bridie which has been kept obscure since the war. In the scene, Misto uses a combination of techniques such as lighting, music and sound to convey perceptions from the audience as Sheila tells her story.The scene concludes with both characters isolating in detach spotlights and the music plays to the audience as the scene ends with tension and suspense. This then shapes the perception and meaning of concerns and experiences to make the audience think of the interrelationship between the two women and the fantastic deeds of women during the war. Another technique which allows the audience to understand the effects of war and how it shapes perception and meaning of concerns and experiences is the use of visuals such as projected images.These projected images are use doneout the play to reinforce the ideas being presented and to convey to the audience a sense of reality. An example would be when projected images of ships burning in capital of Singapore Harbour, the Nipponese invasion and the horrors of war for women and civilians. This then highlights the memories of war and the atrociou s ways during the war which shapes the perception and meaning of concerns and experiences of war. Projected images can also be tended to(p) by music and sound effects.Together it enhances the plays impact helping to convey the emotions of the characters and the dialogue they are acting out. Songs are also use ironically within the play, which helps to create tension and to reveal the full extent of the horrors of the unfolding drama. This is demonstrated in Act1, where the patriotic English song Jerluselum is reaching its crescendo, scenes of Japanese invasions is juxtaposed on the screen behind Sheila and Bridie. The ironic effect of the patriotic, riumphal song juxtaposed with scenes of utter defeat creates an extra sense of sorrow in the minds of the audience, and helps to speed the scene in their mind. Together these two techniques shapes the perception and meaning of concerns and experiences of war. Nevertheless, the Australian Television Episode Seeing is Believing of Changi is able to shape perception and meaning of concern and experiences through the use various techniques. Changi is about the struggle of the Australian prisoners of war.It mainly focuses on six young Australian men giving an insight of each characters deepest struggle within the camp, with the main focus on David Collins. Like Show-horn Sonata the theme power and atrocities is ostensible in Changi The theme atrocities of war can be defined as the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhu populacee as an effect of war. Together both the theme of atrocities and power has been expertly utilised within John Doyles Changi episode Seeing is believing.Within the episode, power is demonstrated through the Japanese people. In a particular scene a Japanese Lieutenant is shown standing on a pedestal stating the rules of the camp to the prisoner of wars. The Japanese Lieutenant states, Any man who tries to leave will die, any man who steals food from the Chinese will die, any man who makes tr ade will die Power is portrayed through this quotation by the use of descriptive language, also the positioning of the Lieutenant in comparison to the POWs signifies that he is in a high position.Whilst the Japanese Lieutenant states the rules, the television camera focuses on a close up shot on his face which remains dominant and strong, the camera then grumpy cuts to a close up of the POWs who look afraid and weak. The use of this technique emphasises the superiority the Japanese people contain over the POWs which then shapes the perception and meaning of concerns and experiences of war. Although it may seem like Changi is all about the characters but in one sense it is about the historiography. This is evident throughout the play including the flashbacks to the past and present which juxtaposes the old and young David.The scene shows Davids past and present thoughts and the experiences that he faced during the war which then conveys this emotion of sympathy to the audience. C onclusively, distinctly visual is able to shape perception and meaning of concerns and experiences within the texts Shoe-Horn Sonata and Changi Seeing is believing through the use of techniques such as lighting, music, sound, visuals, camera shots and flashback/forward. The use of these techniques then allows the audience to understand the effects of war on the individual and the impact of the experiences encountered.

Nursing Theorist Essay

Formulate 3 nursing diagnoses using the Problem, Etiology, and Signs and Symptoms (PES) format and the taxonomy of NANDA. The diagnoses essential be establish on the case study, be appropriate, be prioritized, and be formatted correctly.For all(prenominal) nursing diagnosis, state 2 desire outcomes using NOC criteria. Desired outcomes must be forbearing-centered and measurable within an identified timeframe.For each outcome, state 2 nursing interventions using NIC criteria as well as 1 evaluation method. intercessions and the evaluation method must be appropriate to the desired outcomes.Provide rationale for each nursing diagnosis, and explain how PES, NANDA, NOC, and NIC apply to each diagnosis.Use a minimum of 3 peer-reviewed resources, and create an APA formatted reference page. nurse Diagnosis 1 urinary Retention R/T Anesthesia nurse InterventionsDesired military issue 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention Visually inspect and palpate lower abdomen for distention (Mosby 20 12). long-sufferings abdominal girth pass on not increase and distention leading decrease. Patient will remain free of abdominal pain r/t urinary retention. Nursing Intervention 2 Urinary Catheterization (Mosby 2012) Patient will empty bladder 30ml an hourPatient will demonstrate sporting technique if performing self-catheterization. Evaluation methodMeasure input and output hourly to obtain correct measurements. Make sure catheter is free of kinks to allow for proper drainage RationaleKeeping accurate records of I/O will ensure that the affected role is evacuating properly. Ensuring patient is free of pain will tug little anxiety and keep vital signs within range. Educating patient on clean technique will bear on an environment with less bacteria and keep risk of infection lower.Nursing Diagnosis 2 peril for Infection/RT Urinary CatheterDesired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1 Infection ControlPatient remains free of infection, as evidenced by common vita l signs, and absence of purulent drainage from wounds, incisions, and tubes (Mosby 2012). Infection is recognized proto(prenominal) to allow for prompt treatment (Mosby 2012). Nursing Intervention 2 Infection ProtectionTeach patient to wash hands often, especially after toileting, before meals, and before and after administering self-cargon (Mosby 2012). Teach patient magnificence of eating well match meals to promote healthy nutritional status. Evaluation methodEvaluate patient perform self-care as to promote further education. Allow patient to verbalize and demonstrate understanding of proper nutrition andsigns of infection. RationalePatients with indispensable catheters need to be shown clean techniques when being discharged home. Educating patient on proper hand slipstream will promote clean environment and keep patients risk of infection lower. Educating patient on the early signs of infection will promote prompt medical intervention. Educating patient on proper nutrition and importance of well balanced meals will promote faster healing of incision and lower patients risk of infection.Nursing Diagnosis 3 Pain R/T Postoperative painDesired Outcome 1Desired Outcome 2Nursing Intervention 1Anticipate need for pain relief (Mosby 2012)Anticipating pain may result in medicating at a lower dose to keep patient comfortable. Maintaining a level of comfort where the patient is not begging for relief. Keeping vital signs stable eyepatch maintaining the patient comfortable. Nursing Intervention 2Respond immediately to complaint of pain (Mosby 2011)Creates a trust relationship with patient to ensure open lines of communication. Allows the patient to know that you are empathetic to their discomfort and that they are not alone. Evaluation methodEvaluate scheduled times of music administration. Round hourly on the patient as to reassure the patient that their needs will be met. Educate patient on medication administration time so they are not waiting until their pain is at a level 8 before they ask for relief. Evaluate the responses from the patient as to ensure that they are spirit comfortable with the care. RationaleAnticipating pain will allow the nurse to be on time for the patient in pain. Creating that trusting relationship with the patient will allow open lines of communication with the patient which will in turn allow for better care and outcome. Educating a patient on when to ask for medication will ensure that the patient never reaches a level of extreme pain. Treating your patient with compassion and empathy will allow for the patient to feel satisfied with the care they are receiving and create a trusting relationship. acknowledgementSwearingen, P. L. (2012). All-in-one care planning resource medical-surgical, pediatric,maternity, psychiatric nursing care plans (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PAElsevier/Mosby.Gulanick, M. (2011). Nursing care plans diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes (7thed.). St. Louis, Mo. Elsevier Mosby.Doenges, M. E., & Moorhouse, M. F. (2002). Nursing care plans guidelines forindividualizing patient care (6th ed.). Philadelphia F.A. Davis.

Case Study of IPD Company

Basing on the Information provided In the incident material and refers to our class learning, the causes of the ineffectiveness of the carrying out idea program which installed in the invite confederation argon as follows Goal misalignment with companys overall goal Whenever appropriate, employees performance goals should be ensured aligning tit judicatures what an organization exists for, things that an organization and Its employees consider Important and desirable, courses of action to achieve organizations overall goals. Aligning employee performance goals is known as the strategical Role of performance appraisal.In this case, we can see that the company had enjoyed good profitability by emphasizing subtile service tonus before the performance appraisal program was Installed, three study departments which of Front baron Is responsible for communicate with both external clients and Internal co-workers, the first give of heir working ambit and also the door of business of the company W atomic number 18housing department responsible for inventory control, this is the second stage of the working chain to ensure the warehouse has sufficient inventory Delivery department responsible for transporting the products to retail for selling, this is the third stage of the working chain which provide sufficient supply for frontline sales. Refer to their job description, the weight down of mission, values and strategies of the BID Company somehow is set about to provide services to clients and emphasis on temporalty but quantity thus meet with overalls goal rather than others.After the new program has launched, it was not object lesson properly the strategic role of performance appraisal and learnt the lesson In the hard way because the program approach to measuring what employees produce but how employees do their Job, It focus on quantity rather than overall quality and corporate communication. For example, front office caters performance measured by n umber of orders taken per person per workweek but no approach to measure the service and communication quality warehousing Taft measured by number of cases of product handled per man-hour and clock required to hinderance apiece truck but no celebrate of communication and occupational safety standard as for truck driver, performance is measured by the duration of time to criterion.A performance management system would be only effective when the employees in BID Company are clear about their duties and Job standards and match with the organizational goals so that they work with their full authorisation to meet organizational objectives. Any misalignment would seriously undermine the performance of an organization 2. Discuss how to improve the Companys performance planning and propose a set of performance evaluation criteria that you consider appropriate for the Companys three major department. A major challenge for The BID Company is to have employees who are passionate about w hat they do and constantly strives to perform at their best. The aim of which is to ensure that the employees performance is supporting the strategic aims.The consensus of most animated research on appraisal systems is that to be effective, the appraisal process must be considered fair and hi-fi by those having their reference evaluated, set in establishing performance goals should accordance to employees duties and responsibilities, as for appropriate performance evaluation criteria that Vive propose for the companys three major department are as follows Front office Since office staff is responsible for receiving and processing orders, it involves phone services manner to both internal and external parties so that peal service performance at front office should be including measure both behavior and government issue 1 . Telephone service manner as rated monthly by supervisor should 4 or above on a 5-point Liker Scale. 2. Incoming calls answered within three rings in a month should be 90% or higher. 3.Customer satisfaction monthly rating on telephone service should be 4 or above on a 5-point Liker Scale. 4. Number of customer complaints per month on telephone service should be 3 or lower. Warehousing department Warehouse staff responsible for receiving, storing and loading computer products on trucks, the evaluation criteria should be focused on give and behavior 1 . chat with front office as rated monthly by supervisor should 4 or above on a 5-point Liker Scale. . Receiving and storing computer products which from front office should be finished within a day. 3. Time to load each truck per month should be average 30 minutes or lower. 4. Number of warehouse accidents per month should be lower than 1.Delivery department Delivery department responsible for transporting the computer products to retail outlets, it involves time management and driving safety and so that the evaluation criteria should be focused on result 1 . Delivery products to retail in a month should time needs for delivery in each route. 2. Products must be 100% in good condition whether received from warehousing department and/or delivered to retail. 3. Recommend what other actions the Company should take to make the performance appraisal program become a big success. Performance appraisal is a system where not every employee in the company may like but every employee should be treated as the same because they are a gigantic part of a company in order for the company to become successful.Thus, a few suggestions are recommended for the appraisal system in BID Company, to be better serving as an effective cost-efficient system. One of the things on is to offer proper training to each line supervisors. Through raining, supervisors may wherefore rank the employees with correct Judgment. This will mean that there is no sign of them using progressive discipline. In simpler term, no bias error will occur. Secondly, positive feedback on performance related to goals shall be conducted, as this will gives the worker a sense of achievement, recognition and accomplishment, in which the company might miss it. Thirdly, BID Company needs to incorporate multiple sources of information from peers, subordinates, customers, and employee self-evaluations.The company will want to conduct supernumerary research on how these types of measures can be reliably ND validly developed and integrated into the appraisal process. This helps reducing sampling error by increasing the number of observations and reduces the effect of possible biases. This way, the supervisors and managers will witness more comfortable, since they are no longer solely responsible for what happens to the person as a result of the rating. Probably there are still many ways to be researched and then be conducted. However, I do think these three ways are as important as they will intimation the performance appraisal to a better system in BID Company.

Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body

The Campral web office mentions that about 17. 6 million toasters in the U. S. are conside ruby-red intoxi quite a littletic beverageics, or at least sleep together inebriantic beverageic beverage addiction businesss to a certain degree. With the coun decides current population being listed by the U. S. count Bureau site at 303,963,066 people, this would essence to a staggering figure of 1 in 20 Ameri fecess finding trouble with this type of substance abuse. crapulence alcohol does non automatically qualify an psyche as an alcoholic. While m about(prenominal) would identify two to four types of drinkers, the Alcohol Treatment Clinics site was adapted to classify individuals who drink alcohol low six classes.These are health drinkers, aff equal to(p) or account fitting drinkers, problem or irresponsible drinkers, under aged drinkers, binge drinkers and alcoholics. The outset type of drinker or health drinkers, would typically consume alcohol for health-related rea sons. They are mode evaluate drinkers who usually prefer to drink red wine, which is widely- known for its benefits to the cardiovascular system. wizard example would be the French people whose healths have often been cerebrate to their dietary habits that include wine. Social or responsible drinkers are those individuals who drink alcohol only during finical occasions.They engage in drunkenness to be able to inter figure or socialize with the group. They do not regard alcohol highly, that think of it as just an addition to meals. Their consumption of alcohol is make at a leisurely pace and they would never combine drinking with guessy behavior such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as driving. Working professionals who drink to have a feeling of belongingness and to facilitate conversations with coworkers in corporate parties or events easily come as an example for this category. On the early(a) hand, problem drinkers would be the polar paired of social drinkers. They ca n commence very obnoxious and angry once they are drunk.Some metres, they experience a loss of memory with regards to the events that transpired during their drinking session. This type of drinker does not have a definitive stereotype, and just about probably could be described as an individual who transforms or morphs drastically when drunk. Their behavior when drunk powerfulness stand in stark contrast to their normal unplayful behavior. A detail type of problem drinker would be under aged drinkers. This classification was wee-weed referable to the differences in the physical and psychological states of these individuals as compared to older people.Legal action whitethorn similarly arise for those individuals under this classification. The legal age for drinking is in general pegged at 21 in the United States, with exceptions made for cases c overing health and religious reasons. Binge drinkers can go without alcohol for long periods of time. However, they tend to overind ulge themselves during the times that they do drink. Some problems that can be caused by binge drinking are alcohol poisoning, un declarelable mood swings and eventual alcohol colony or alcoholism. In terms of their behavior, they whitethorn act either as problem or social drinkers.Although aggressive behaviors as well as the usual symptoms of being drunk whitethorn or may not be exhibited by this group, a high possibility of causing severe damage to the coloured and other health issues remains a great threat for them. Alcoholics have no control over their drinking habits. They often turn to alcohol to be able to deal with problems and drink an excessive amount of wholesome alcoholic drinks on a regular basis. Because of this, they would often find it hard to function in other aspects of their lives, such as in their jobs. Their relationships with significant people in their lives may likewise take the backseat in their list of previousities.People who regularly face problems and turn to alcohol to drown them as well as those experiencing regular episodes of depression fixking to find euphoric feelings may turn into alcoholics, especially when they get under one and only(a)s skin reliant on the substance to do that desired state. Those people who continuously indulge in alcohol for whatever other reason or at other levels, may likewise be candidates to becoming alcoholics as well. Some argue that this is due to the genes that a psyche carries. In its website, the internal Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism was also able to identify four major symptoms which characterize alcoholism.The first sign would be the presence of strong cravings or urges to drink within an individual. Next would be a persons inability to jam drinking once he or she has engaged in this activity. Upon lemniscus drinking, an individual may also suffer some(prenominal) withdrawal symptoms such as nausea and shakiness, collectively termed as physical dependance. Last ly, an cast up in tolerance for these substances often results to alcohol dependents drinking greater amounts of alcohol to induce euphoric or high feelings. Reactions to alcohol may vary from one impaired individual to the next.Alcoholics may become angry and argumentative, depressed, quiet or withdrawn. They may also feel tense, sad, anxious or confused. Alcoholism, like any other illness, may strike at any age. These individuals may be aware of the consequences of alcoholism, but the obsession to drink within them often overpowers them, so they just cant stop drinking. Alcohol becomes the or so important part of their lives. It totally consumes them so that all their thoughts and actions somehow become associated with alcohol. Alcohol has direct deadly as well as sedative effects on the carcass.When coupled with an individuals adversity to take care of his or her nutritional and physical needs during prolonged periods of excessive drinking, matters are make headway compli cated. The effects on major organ systems are cumulative, which also includes several(prenominal) disorders for the digestive system. Blackouts, hallucinations, and extreme tremors may be experienced by the alcoholic. Aside from occasional emotional instability or mood swings, indissoluble damage to other systems such as the cardiovascular and nervous systems may also be bring forth in alcoholics (Mack, Franklin and Frances 109).The organ well-nigh probably vulnerable to damage would be the liver, since this is where alcohol breakdown takes place. If always left to the task of removing alcohol from the contrast, the liver may eventually become worn out. This may stymie the liver from properly performing its usual duty of removing other harmful substances in the body. One of the most dangerous affections of the liver caused by long-term alcohol use is cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis causes the liver to become inflamed and scarred, which leads to the destruction of the liver and eventually the persons death (Mack, Franklin and Frances 109).Alcohol also affects a persons cardiovascular and circulatory systems. It causes an adjoin in blood pressure, which makes the cheek pump harder to be able to circulate blood around the body properly. This may cause an increase in heart rate magic spell at the equivalent time reducing the heart muscles pumping capabilities. Abnormal heart rhythms may also be get under ones skined due to severe alcohol consumption. In fact, long-term and slow use of alcohol may cause a condition of the heart called alcoholic cardiomyopathy.The consumption of alcohol reduces the impressiveness of heart muscles to contract and may eventually lead to heart failure (Snyder 39). Lack of blood flow resulting from this condition may also lead to multiple organ system failure. Ones nervous system is also not spared from the damage. Doctor Salomon Snyder states that alcohols action on the read/write head is what causes people to feel int oxicated. A sudden intake of large amounts of alcohol may result in death because nerve impulses to the brain are dangerously blocked. Alcohol also has an increasing effect on our brain chemical science, which causes our behavior to change.This can make people do things that they would not do when they are sober (37). Over time, heavy drinking may cause permanent damage to the central nervous system. Drinking even a small amount of alcohol can make you sleepy, confused, uncoordinated and unsteady. Heavy drinking can cause or worsen urinary incontinence, problems with walking, depression, sleep disturbances, memory loss, high blood pressure, and exhaust in the digestive tract (Snyder 40). Some other observations on alcohol usage according to the cyclopedia of psychedelic Drugs, include its immense effect on our brain.This results in delicatey walking, poor balance, and slurring of speech. At high alcohol levels, a persons breathing and heart rate go forth also be slowed and vom iting may occur. Alcohol is also known to cause sleep disturbances. Numbness and tingling sensations may also occur in the arms and legs due to the low thiamine levels (38). Most people enchant alcoholism as a disease closely related to males. It is shown by the figures however, that as many as half of the nations alcoholics are actually women.The reason why most female alcoholics cannot be seen is that they are usually closet drinkers. You rarely see women exhibiting behavior associated with alcoholism in public, while this phenomenon may be more readily observable for men. It is actually easier for a woman alcoholic to damage her body than it is for a man. The physical damage is aggravated since women generally wait longer to seek jockstrap since the federation places a greater stigma on women than on men with regards to this. The livers of women are not as commensurate of processing alcohol when compared to those of men.This makes women alcoholics susceptible to developing li ver problems with lower levels of alcohol in their bodies and after shorter periods of drinking (Snyder 62). The presence of large amounts of alcohol in women may interfere with fertility by upsetting the hormones in their body and can increase the chances of a miscarriage. Women alcoholics who become pregnant may cause damage to the fetus in their wombs, which is called fetal alcohol syndrome. It can cause complications such as physical deformities and mental retardent (Labtestsonline).Elizabeth Somer claims that women are more susceptible to tissue damage from elevated alcohol levels and have an increased risk for breast cancer, osteoporosis and dementia (224). She goes on to mention that over 60 health problems can be associate to this addiction, including damage to the digestive, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The mechanism has yet to be determined on why alcohol is considered a carcinogenic or cancer-causing substance, but most theories point to alcohols tendency to inc rease the amount of estrogen present in a womans body.Increased levels of this hormone have been tie in to occurrences of cancer. People suffering from alcohol dependency perceive indulging in alcohol consumption as a necessity. Problems of whatever nature in their lives are ignored by these individuals so long as they can persist in their drinking. Thus, people afflicted with the disease often find themselves hindered from achieving their full authorisation as productive members of the society. By continuing in this sort of behavior, these individuals capability go on to create not only problems for themselves, but also for others around them.Alcohol causes a change in brain chemistry which results in changes in behavior such as increased aggression and reduced fear which may lead us to take needless risks. Alcohol can cause people to be rude, verbally abusive, and physically threatening. This is because some people turn to alcohol to express hostile feelings that they wouldnt b e able to express when they are sober. These factors almost always lead to trouble or confrontations with people around the alcohol dependent, including complete strangers. Perhaps no other scenario presents this more clearly than when people drive while under the influence of alcohol.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, an individual was killed in alcohol-related car crashes about every half-hour, while injuries occurred every two minutes during 2005. Half of roughly 400 children riding with the drunk driver end during that span died. Overall, alcohol-related motor vehicle deaths amounted for about 40% of the total traffic-related deaths for 2005. These crashes amount to about 51 one thousand million dollars lost each year. Alcohol alone does not cause alcoholism, because if it did, everyone who drank would be an alcoholic.There are a subjugate of factors that lead to alcoholism. Some scientists support the argument that becoming an alcoholic is p urely the result of an individuals genetics. Because of genetics, people tend to get an inability to handle alcohol, just like other people inherit other diseases from their parents (Niaaa. nih. gov). This may explain why alcoholism seems to run in families from generation to generation, and why some people become alcoholics from the first time they drink. Aside from ones genetics, one also cannot neglect the role of ones environment as well as the lifestyle one engages in.If children were exposed to drinking with drinkers who were careful and moderate for example, they would be more likely to become responsible drinkers. However, if they grew up seeing heavy alcohol use they would be more likely to also engage in that act also. Children that are exposed to a large amount of peer pressure from the kids around them also increase their likelihood of drinking. Some may start out as social drinkers who are able to control their drinking, but they may lose this control and be carried away, eventually becoming alcoholics themselves (Alcoholtreatmentclinics.com). Alcoholism seems to run in families. Although there is nothing conclusive, some studies have shown that all alcoholics have had a close alcoholic sexual relation (Snyder 100). Like many drug abusers, alcoholics often drink hoping to drown feelings of anxiousness or depression. Some drink to reduce strong inhibitions or guilt about expressing negative feelings. The first, and probably one of the most difficult things that an alcoholic essential do, is come to an admission that they have a problem.It is unlikely that they will be first to admit it, and they may usually deny that they are being controlled by their addiction. With their inability to discern things for themselves, other individuals such as close friends or relatives may sometimes have to take the initiative in reporting potential alcoholics. The difficulty with this lies in the fact that people cannot be forced to seek ease against their w ill, unless special circumstances are present like being ordered by the court to do so. The NIAAA website offers eight steps for people who want to maintenance alcoholics who are unwilling to seek help.The first step, stopping cover ups, calls for those closely related to the alcoholic to finally make him or her accountable for the consequences arising from the addiction, instead of presenting excuses for the afflicted individual to others. This may be quite a difficult process, since our initial reaction would be to cheer family or friends. When putting things in perspective however, we may eventually come to the conclusion that allowing alcoholics to be accountable to the products of their actions would be a much better option than continuing to risk his or her life because of our take on in their addiction.By taking this step, we are actually starting to really offer protection to them. An attempt must then be made to talk to the drinker. It was recommended that this be done i mmediately after any difference of opinion or problem developed due to alcohol abuse. This must be done in a private setting where both parties involved must be calm and sober. One can need places where relaxed feelings are being evoked like the bedroom, or any other location where your conversation is not likely to be disturbed.By accomplishing this step, the alcoholic individual is shown that their rights are still being respected, while at the same time emphasizing the seriousness of your intentions. The third step calls for the concerned individual to voice out his or her growing anxiety regarding the alcoholics substance abuse, and how this has developed problems, including the most recent conflict. If the alcoholic has a tendency of being verbally or physically abusive towards people when drunk, this would be the appropriate time to mention it.Choose words which would be most effective in finally making the afflicted individual aware of just how grave the situation really is . Consequences of the drinkers refusal to get help must then be stated next. These may include things such as moving out of the house. The site mentions that this is not a form of punishment for the drinker, but is performed to protect people close to the individual from harm. One should always be prepared to perform the statements that were mentioned at this stage and not simply bank on making empty threats.The degree of just how radical your threats would be, should of build, depend largely on the offenses made by the alcoholic mentioned in the third step. In the fourth step, a schedule may then be made for the local counselor or organization within the area, after gathering data on possible options for treatment and the alcoholic gives his or her consent. With regards to this, one can locate the best possible sources of help via the internet or by consulting the local directory. When the scenario arises that the alcoholic would refuse to cooperate, a friend may be called upon to perform the first four steps.Choose a friend who the alcoholic has great trust in, or maybe someone who has already undergone rehabilitation themselves. Individuals with past experiences dealing with alcohol problems may be very effective at this point, since they may deliver the goods deeper insight on how the rehabilitation process works. They may also provide the needed moral support when the alcoholic finally relents to seek professional help. Another option might be to confront the alcoholic as a group. With a group, one would essentially obtain several inputs regarding the situation.One of these ideas could prove to be the critical element in the alcoholics decision-making process. Coming face-to-face with several people may also heighten the situations level of gravity as comprehend by the alcoholic. This step however, must always be performed under the supervision of a trained health care professional familiar with such matters to ensure. A briefing may be done prior to the confrontation to ensure that no actions detrimental to the goal of making the patient seek help will be committed. Lastly, individuals who live or know alcoholics might want to join groups such as Alateen, which caters to children of alcoholics.Organizations such as these provide the needed information and support for people who are closely connected to alcoholics to overtake out for themselves, whether the alcoholic chooses to get help or not. If the alcoholic was physically abusive during the drunken state, it would of course be wise to know the options that one has in the situation. By getting adequate information, misery and decline might be avoided by a lot of people, like averting situations when an alcoholic would inflict lifelong physical deformities on people close to him.Alcoholism is a disease that cannot be totally cured but people can at least recover from it and return to a normal way of life. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism website mention s how an effective program of medication and counseling may aid individuals in their struggle towards stopping alcohol abuse. Although the effects may vary from one person to the other, just like in other illnesses, the Institute firmly believes in the effectiveness of alcohol treatment. Family, friends, counselors and organizations such as Alcoholics Anonymous may offer the needed help and support towards the recovery of the afflicted individual.Sometimes, immersion a detox center may even be necessary since this recovery process can be extremely difficult. In fact, some withdrawal reactions may include high fever, loss of appetite, nausea, boisterous shaking, hallucinations and even possible coma or death (Snyder 40). Limiting an individuals intake of alcohol is deemed an ineffective strategy for alcoholics. Stopping the substance abuse may call for the outright absence of alcohol in ones life. Some medications have been recommended to help alcoholics with regards to this. These include disulfiram (Antabuse), naltrexone (Depade, ReVia) and acamprosate (Campral).They may aid an alcoholic in alcohol reduction if not abstinence. Each type of medicine works in a different way. Ones craving for alcohol may be reduced, deter symptoms from alcohol abstinence from manifesting or make a person feel sick after alcohol consumption. No one medication however is deemed totally effective. Each case must still be assessed carefully before choosing which type of medicine to take. Just as much as alcoholics should not be feared, they should also not be loathed by our society. As mentioned in the earlier part of the essay, some people develop the drinking habit out of their perceived inability to handle problems.At the onset, this habit may actually be curbed through adequate attention and moral support being given to the individual by friends and family. Parents who try to educate their children on proper or social drinking might be doing their children a macroscopic fav or, instead of letting young kids have their first drinking experience with peers. They can include ideas on just how much too much to drink is, as well as place specific rules on what activities to avoid upon consuming alcohol (driving, swimming, and other risky activities).Valuable insights may also be gleaned by parents from the experience of drinking with their children regarding their childs behavior when engaging in the activity, and if the situation should arise, when their kids are drunk. If a person does get afflicted with the disease, there would still be many options available to counter the disease as mentioned before. Although it could prove to be a lifelong struggle, there are individuals who have been able to scale the affliction and become successful people in society, with famed writer Stephen King being one of them.The issue of alcoholism is clearly not an easy one to confront not only for those mired in this addiction, but also for the people around them. Althou gh the fight to recovery may not be easy, the right attitude from all the people involved combined with proper education on the topic, could close the difference for the health and safety of many people within our country. With the right approach, we can finally see the handling of alcoholism as an issue of giving second opportunities and success, instead of resigning ourselves to its usual tragic outcome. whole works Cited Alcoholism. Labtestsonline. org. 1 may 2008 Chopra, Deepak, M. D. Overcoming Addictions. impudent York Three Rivers Press, 1997. FAQ for the General Public. Niaaa. nih. gov. 1 May 2008 Impaired Driving. Cdc. gov. 1 May 2008 Mack, Avram H. M. D. , John E. Franklin, M. D. , and Richard J. Frances M. D. Treatment of Alcoholism and Addictions. New Jersey American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. , 2001.Snyder, Solomon H. M. D. The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Drugs Alcohol and Alcoholism. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1992. Somer, Elizabeth. 10 Habits That Mess Up a Womans Diet. New York McGraw-Hill, 2006. Types of Drinkers. Alcoholtreatmentclinics. com. 1 May 2008 U. S. POPClock Projection. Census. gov. 1 May 2008 Understanding Alcoholism. Campral. com. 1 May 2008