Lifespan Development Cognitive, And Personal And Social...

Lifespan Psychology Introduction Lifespan Development is the field of study that examines patterns, modes of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. There are so many things to keep in mind about Lifespan Psychology; 1. Lifespan Psychology is a scientific, developmental approach that focuses on human development. 2. Scientists who study the lifespan know that neither heredity nor environment alone can account for the full range of human development. 3. Development is a continuing process throughout the lifespan. 4. Every period of life contains potential for growth and decline in abilities. There are three known major areas of study in Lifespan Development which are the Physical, Cognitive, and personal and social development. These groups have to do with age and range of Lifespan Psychology. Lifespan literally connotes from cradle to grave, in other words from conception to death. Lifespan is divided into these following age periods; prenatal, infancy, toddlerhood, middle childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood and death. There are several key issues in Lifespan Psychology which are centered on these following factors which are; cultural factors, continuous vs discontinuous change, critical periods vs sensitive periods, lifespan approach vs particular periods approach, nature vs nurture. The major theoretical perspectives in Lifespan Psychology is termed a broad, organizedShow MoreRelatedCurrent Perspectives Of Psychology And Human Development Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesIndividual Development Narrative discusses various factors relating to theories of lifespan development from birth through to my adolescent stage. 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Oatman University of Phoenix Introduction to Psychology PSY 103 Michelle Williams October 22, 2008 Lifespan Development and Personality Paper Development does not end with adolescence. Adults, too, go through modifications and experience physical, cognitive, and social changes. Adulthood has been suggested that emerges as early as 18, but for our purposes, adulthood can

The Observations Of Richard Conducted - 2062 Words

The observations of Richard conducted for this study consisted of; a drawing activity, a reading observation, and sport activities. During each of these scenarios I observed traits and links within the domains of development. Richard depicts an array of skills in regards to cognitive and language development, physical and motor abilities, social and emotional understandings; and his imaginative and creative attributes. All of the findings in these domains link cohesively with the discoveries of theorists such as Arnold Gesell, Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget and Urie Bronfenbrenner. Physical and motor development Richard’s physical development and motor skills were evident in all three anecdotes. These two domains are closely linked when†¦show more content†¦Richard’s fine motor skills are being developed in anecdote one as he uses pencils. The challenge of moving and gripping the pencil is seen as a difficult task for young children, however his ability to do this was exceptional, drawing shapes and patterns. Richard’s ability to draw is developing his fine motor skills, which fits in accordance to Gesell’s motor characteristics mentioned in his gradients of growth (Gesell Ilg, 1949). Cognitive Development Richard displays his range of cognitive skills such as thinking, attention, concept formation, reasoning and problem solving (white, 2013) in each observation. Richard portrayed clear cognitive development in anecdote one, as he was able to connect the colour green to be the colour of the grass in his drawing. Richard was able to adapt the recognition of environmental areas in his earlier years to his drawing noticing and paying attention to what colours texture and areas look like. His cognitive skills were also evident during anecdote two, when he had to problem solve to recognise the word. He connected the picture and the letters making the word ‘alligator’. According to Piaget’s theory Richard’s cognitive development is in the preoperational stage (Bee Boyd, 2002). This means â€Å"the child can use symbols to both think and communicate; they develop the abilities to take others

Colonial Unity free essay sample

Colonial unity in the Americas were really weak. Each colony was like a separate nation, with no central government but the parliament leading them. The colonial political unity in America has grown from the French and Indian War to the Second Continental Congress. They have struggled to keep unity between the colonies during these times. Between the end of the French and Indian War and the Second Continental Congress, colonial political unity has changed and grown. Near the end of the French and Indian war, colonial political unity was weak. It was so weak the Indians near the border laughed at their ability to pull gather in unity. In 1754, the British Government call for a inter-colonial congress in Albany, New York. The immediate purpose was to keep peace with the Iroquois Tribes. The real reason for the congress was to achieve a greater unity within the colonies and Set up a defense against France. We will write a custom essay sample on Colonial Unity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The congress called for delegates from all colonies, but only seven of the thirteen colonies chose to attend. Even before the continental congress, Benjamin Franklin realized the disunity between the colonies.He published the most famous cartoon in the colonial area. It showed the separate colonies as parts f a disjointed snake, and had a slogan that said Join, Or DE Nearing the end of the war, colonists did not support the French and Indian War. The colonies did not provide money or troops for the conflict. Only when William Pit offered money, the colonies decided to join. If they were to be bribed to defend themselves, how could they unite to defend themselves in the future? At the end of the war, many disunity feeling began to melt.Only because those who fought side by side each other from different colonies, discovered that they all were fellow Americans, who all spoke the same language and ideals. After the French and Indian war, England imposed taxes to help pay the cost of the war. They passed the Stamp Act, which required stamps on commercial and legal documents. The Stamp Act Congress of 1765 brought several delegates from nine colonies. The congress made little impact in England, but it brought leaders from rival colonies together.This was one more significant step toward colonial unity. As the revolution continued in America, the colonies were once again growing in colonial unity. England has imposed the Townsend Acts onto the colonist and began enforcing the Navigation Laws. As a result, Samuel Adams organized the Committees of Correspondence. Soon after, the colonies began to set up similar organizations like it. This allowed the colonies to exchange ideas and gather information from other colonies.These inter-colonial groups were very important in encouraging and distributing feelings in favor Of colonial unity. This united action, eventually evolved into the first American congresses. Following the Boston Tea Party, England responded by passing the Boston Port Act, or what the Americans called the Intolerable Acts. In response to the Intolerable Acts, the Continental Congress of 1 774 was summoned. Delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies, which excluded Georgia, attended the Continental Congress.They were to meet in Philadelphia to think of ways to readdress colonial grievances. Inter-colonial tensions melted away by social activities after working hours. They proposed a complete Boycott of English goods, called the Association. This was the closest thing to a written constitution that the colonies written as a united nation. At the Second Continental congress, delegates from all colonies attended. Richard Henry Lee proposed to break free from Britain. He stated that These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.. . This ultimately resulted into the Declaration Of Independence. This motion showed that the colonies were politically united enough to break free from England and become a united nation. The growth of colonial unity started from being separate colonies to being a united nation. Political and colonial unity grew with the help of England and American leaders. The colonies unity grew between the French and Indian War and the Second Continental Congress to such an extent that they became a independent nation.

Employee Self “ Actualization Problem at Redgrove Axial Essay Example

Employee Self â€Å" Actualization Problem at Redgrove Axial Essay Suggested solution 10 Introduction Regroup Axial Workshop case talks about the self actualization problems of employees belonging to the most effective workshop of the whole Regroup plant, which is owned by the TIT corporation a North American based manufacturer of equipment ranging from axial compressors for aircrafts to highly sophisticated aeronautic and defense systems. The Regroup plant, where the action takes place In tons case, Is ten mall u s. Maturating Tacitly Tort alert Engle parts Delousing to the aeronautics business unit. The plant is situated in a small town, only one hour way from a large metropolitan area. The problems of self actualization are alive at the axial compressor workshop, which activities contributed nearly 20 per cent of the Resolves plant annual revenues. The numbers talk for themselves and without no doubt this workshop is most effective in the plant. Actually, members of the axial workshop had a great reputation for being very hard workers and employee turnover was a very rare phenomenon there. Most of the best workers at the manufacturing workshop are the ones, which were moved here from prototype workshop, since the engineers started using a more sophisticated software. The axial workshop production manager Fontanne also observed that those ex-prototype employees not only consistently volunteered to fill rush orders but also were like a family. Fontanne had even found them once pooling together at the local pub. So the working atmosphere, as we may observe, is really good at this particular workshop. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Self â€Å" Actualization Problem at Redgrove Axial specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Self â€Å" Actualization Problem at Redgrove Axial specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Self â€Å" Actualization Problem at Redgrove Axial specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Relevance of the topic from B aspect As the organizational behavior is a field of study which investigates the impact that individuals, structures and groups have on behavior within organization, this topic about self actualization and Job satisfaction becomes particularly relevant from B perspective. We can take our case for example and state that even the smallest gaps in the understanding of employee self actualization needs, can lead to the violation of corporate code of conduct. Talking about Job satisfaction, we can tell, that even the smallest Job dissatisfaction shadow at the particular unit of employees may lead to significant production losses and thus enormous monetary deprivation. Therefore, it is very crucial to understand the impact that people behavior can have on organizational performance and to excavate the underlying reasons of such behavior. Analysis aim and tasks The aim of our analysis is to understand the underlying reasons of the problem described above and to provide a logical solution for that problem which is built on the reasons why it is occurring. Talking about the tasks of our analysis, we will at first conduct a SOOT analysis of an axial workshop unit of workers, who are related to the self actualization problems occurring in that unit. In this way we will identify all the complementary problems occurring at the workshop and determine why they exist. Then we will provide theoretical background related to our problem and by using the heretical framework we will evaluate the alternatives available to us. At the end we will come to the conclusion and provide the main solution for the problem at the same time explaining the rationale behind our choice. Situation analysis Strengths * Most effective in the whole plant * Very hard working * Very united * Have a lot of experience * Extraordinary creative * Low turnover I Weaknesses * Are not used to full potential * Engaging in amateur work * Exploit companys assets * Teaching newcomers to act the same * Self actualization needs neglected I Opportunities * To unleash the full potential of the employee reiterative and workmanship * Ability to use the scrap more efficiently * To satisfy the needs of self-realization * The company as a whole may benefit from that I I narrates Employees may s tart to use ten new material to make stun N workers may misinterpret it * Managers may decide to fire those creative employees * Reduced effectiveness (due to the dissension) We have chosen to use SOOT analysis to determine the current situation, concerning the best employees which are having problems with self actualization. We wanted to see what is happening right now, what are the best capabilities of hose employees, what are the problems related to that particular worker unit. Also, we can see what are the opportunities, which can be exploited if the problems were managed properly and the threats related to the decision. Talking about the strengths, we can mention that the axial workshop manufacturing unit is very effective, probably the most effective in the whole plant. That is probably the case because of their hard work, which allowed them to develop skills needed to work more efficient than needed. One more major advantage of this working unit is that they are very united and friendly to each other. This in fact builds a very friendly working atmosphere. Another thing which contributed to the effectiveness of this working unit is many years of experience of old timers, which may share the knowledge and skills with younger teammates. As the case showed, these workers are also very creative, when it comes to workmanship on metals, while they were able to make such amazing lamps themselves. The last but not least thing that has united this collective is low turnover, which does not incur additional costs on the company. Lets talk about the weaknesses, which indicate what can be done more in order to increase the further efficiency of the axial workshop. The case shows us that the most effective workers do not usually have what to do, when they have fulfilled hourly plans and thus are not used to full potential. Because of that, they are engaging in amateur workmanship, making lamps and other stuff using company assets, which is completely prohibited looking from the perspective of company rules and code of conduct. At the same time, the old timers are teaching newcomers to do same things and spread that among other members, who are then also tend to violate the rules. We can see that all of these problems occur because the most efficient workers are not feeling they use their full potential. It means that the management has forgotten about the self actualization needs of its employees. Harrower, the most important thing is that there are a lot of opportunities related to the proper management of weaknesses and exploitation of strengths. If the most effective employees were allowed during their free time to use the scrap material to make their mind imagination stuff, thus revealing their creativity and workmanship, many problems would be solved and also the company itself may benefit from that monetary as well as from the motivation and employee Job satisfaction perspective. First of all, they may use scrap more efficiently, because the amateur work stuff made in spare time may be sold in auctions to senior managers for the higher price than as if it is only sold as scrap. Secondly, the needs of self-realization of employees would be satisfied and thus it would lead to even higher motivation to work and commitment to the company. There are also some kind of threat related to the decision to liberalize the usage of scrap material. It may be the case that employees ill get so engaged in the activity that they will start using the new material to make attractive amateur s out. T Also, new workers may try to ay Tanat, Decease AT misinterpretation of the scrap usage programmer. Also, there is a treat that managers may try to punish or even fire those employees who are most effective, because of inappropriate usage of scrap and this decision would probably reduce effectiveness significantly. Problem identification Talking about the problem itself we can mention that it was kind of brought to the surface, when the axial workshop manager Fontanne has found the lamp at the outrage room, which was made out of the scrap material, which is left after all the manufacturing activities of the axial compressors took place. The scrap was usually sold to local collector of scrap for 5,5 dollars per pound. Fontanne found out later from his colleague supervisor that these lamps and personal things like that were mostly made by the so called old timers, which were the most productive workers and usually finished the work very quickly. So, they were actually spending time making this creative stuff Just to fulfill their self actualization needs. While the robber itself does not seem very serious, employees have breached the code of conduct and there were few cases when they were punished for that. This is a problem and if it is not solved, company can get losses while employees would keep doing something that is illegal, but the real problem is about motivation and lack of the conditions to improve self-actualization of those old timers. The manager is facing the dilemma of what to do next and how to approach this kind of problem. As it seems, sanctions such as warnings, forcing to work for few days without payment or even firing have not stopped the appearance of the same problem. Considering that such actions are not helping and may be even harming for both sides, because of the company inputs for training of workers and the lack of motivation or incentives for the workers, we have to find the solution which would try to make a win-win situation. Theoretical survey and scientific article http://www. Academia-research. Com/filched/insist/a/_/ 665402_a_review_of_employee_motivation_theories_and_their_implications. PDF A Review of Employee Motivation Theories and their Implications for Employee Retention within Organizations (Sunnis Removal, Ph. D. , University of SST. Thomas, Minneapolis, MN) In this review we found some relevant theories and interesting propositions that were applicable to our case. The article provides a synthesis of employee motivation theories and offers an explanation of how employee motivation affects employee retention and other behaviors within organizations. In addition to explaining why it is important to retain critical employees, the author described the relevant motivation theories and explained the implications of employee motivation theories on developing and implementing employee retention practices. The final segment of the paper provides an illustration with explanation on how effective employee retention practices can be explained through motivation theories and how these efforts serve as a strategy to increasing organizational performance. Masons Need Hierarchy Theory Moscow believed that there are at least five sets of goals which can be referred to as basic needs and are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Moscow (1943) stated that people, including employees at organizations, are motivated by the desire to achieve or maintain the various conditions upon which these basic adolescents rest Ana Day certain more Intellectual sealers. Humans are a perpetually wanting group. Ordinarily the satisfaction of these wants is not altogether mutually exclusive, but only tends to be. The average member of society is most often partially satisfied and partially unsatisfied in all of ones wants (Moscow, 1943). The implications of this theory provided useful insights for managers and other organization leaders. One of the advise was for managers to find ways of motivating employees by devising programs or practices aimed at satisfying emerging or unmet needs. Another implication was for organizations to implement support programs and focus groups to help employees deal with stress, especially during more challenging times and taking the time to understand the needs of the respective employees (Grittier, 1998). When the need hierarchy concept is applied to work organizations, the implications for managerial actions become obvious. Managers have the responsibility to create a proper climate in which employees can develop to their fullest potential. Failure to provide such a climate would theoretically increase employee frustration and could result in poorer performance, lower Job satisfaction, ND increased withdrawal from the organization (Steers Porter, 1983, p. 32). The last sentence is particularly important in our case, because the last step of the Masons hierarchy of needs was not reached by the employees self actualization. The Job itself was so repetitive and boring, that it could not ensure the employee satisfaction. Job enrichment was clearly required by the management. The Motivator-Hygiene Theory One of the earliest researchers in the area of Job redesign as it affected motivation was Frederick Herbert (Herbert, 1959 ). Herbert and his associates began their initial work on factors affecting work motivation in the mid-sasss. Their first effort entailed a thorough review of existing research to that date on the subject (Herbert, 1957). Based on this review, Herbert carried out his now famous survey of 200 accountants and engineers from which he derived the initial framework for his theory of motivation. The theory, as well as the supporting data was first published in 1959 (Herbert, 1959) and was subsequently amplified and developed in a later book (Herbert, 1966). Based on his survey, Herbert discovered that employees tended to scribe satisfying experiences in terms of factors that were intrinsic to the content of the Job itself. These factors were called motivators and included such variables as achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth. Conversely, dissatisfying experiences, called hygiene factors, largely resulted from extrinsic, non-Job-related factors, such as company policies, salary, coworker relations, and supervisory styles (Steers, 1983). Herbert argued, based on these results, that eliminating the causes of dissatisfaction (through hygiene factors) would to result in a state of satisfaction. Instead, it would result in a neutral state. Satisfaction (and motivation) would occur only as a result of the use of motivators. The implications of this model of employee motivation are clear: Motivation can be increased through basic changes in the nature of an employees Job, that is, through job enrichment (Steers, 1983). Thus, Jobs should be redesigned to allow for increased challenge and responsibility, opportunities for advancement, and personal growth, and recognition. Actually, this theory has provided us with the true scientific Docudrama Tort solving our case problem. It states Tanat you wall not deal wilt satisfaction of employee problem unless you start using motivators, which are intrinsic to the content of the Job itself. The solution we would offer should make their Jobs more interesting, enriched and meaningful. That is the only way to retain the best workers and keep them satisfied. Evaluation of the alternatives As the case analysis suggested, the main problem is the company policy that does not involve self-actualization of employees. To solve this problem, we provided three alternatives that could solve or at least improve the problematic situation. First alternative is to follow the code of conduct that was mentioned in exhibits section as an excerpt. It says that employees must protect company assets including production materials, otherwise some sanctions would be used, ranging from warnings to termination or even filing a criminal charge in court. If a person uses production material, he could be warned, punished with no payment for few days, or even fired. All such actions could be a warning for other workers and they would either stop usage of scrap metal, or rebel against the regulations and do it more secretly. It is possible that the problem would not continue and as a result, everything would go back to the same working atmosphere with relatively good financial results, but the question is for how long? This alternative somehow shuts the door to self- actualization improvement, because an additional activity, which is considered as fun and creative, would be terminated. The case mentioned that most of the workers doing those works of art from scrap material, were actually senior workers that had been working in a company for quite long. This means, that firing them or punishing hem, could lead to negative effects not only because they are valuable as trained workers, but also to the whole group of workers inside the workshop, because those senior craftsmen have helped to develop the skills of new workers which saved money for training costs. Summarizing the positive and negative aspects of this alternative, the solution is that some other alternatives could be more effective. Second alternative looks at the problem as a lack of entertainment for the senior craftsmen who finish their work faster and sometimes even stay overtime for no payment. This could mean that they need some other activities which would help hem spend the extra time and forget or idioms their hobby of using scrap materials to create something. To solve this problem, we thought about implementation of a special room or corner for having fun or relaxing in some entertaining ways. For example, playing cards, pool or table tennis; watching TV and sitting on the soft couch; having some sort of games on consoles like Nintendo WI or even exercising on some gym equipment. As a result, workers would either feel relaxed or entertained and after those activities they would get back to work. Motivation of those craftsmen could increase, because they would not have to constantly work on heir routines and their willingness to work could also increase while there would be no time left to make something from scrap metal. Despite that, we must consider that the mentioned things have costs, some of those even high ones. Moreover, a manager or supervisor would have to constantly monitor how much time the workers spend on entertaining and also there could be a problem of who is allowed to use that room and who is not which would lead to mistrust or new from other workers. Summarizing the pros and cons of this alternative, we considered that there still snow a De a netter way In wanly everyone would De nappy Nils Is winner ten Tanta wider and probably more effective alternative takes part. It suggests allowing workers to continue the making of unique objects from scrap materials, but with authorization and support from the company. To be more specific, the whole process should be legalized and code of conduct should be changed accordingly. Also, to strengthen the logic and effectiveness, those objects could be sold or given as gifts. The choice of giving gifts could be useful if every worker was given a nice thing created from the workers of the same workshop or plant, but the question is for what occasions? Birthdays would happen every year and people getting such presents would not have the place where to put it and also considering this type of present as a motivational incentive could be useful for maybe one time. The case mentioned one worker that got such a gift for his retirement, we could say that such an occasion is good and it could increase employee satisfaction, commitment and good promotion for the company. This gifts making offer has a nice side, but surely there are some drawbacks that are connected with time, number of people in the company and the meaning of such gifts because of different personalities of every person. This is why we came up with maybe a more feasible solution of selling. In the exhibit section it was mentioned that there are about 5000-7000 lbs. Of scrap-metal sold each month for about 30000 dollars. On the one hand, this is a productive way of returning some value of practically useless material. On the other hand, we considered that this could be improved with an implementation of an auction. Number of those things that were created is quite small, because workers were afraid of being caught and punished for such actions, but if the whole process was allowed, there could be a big increase in numbers and a possibility of selling them. In order for the process to be equal both ways, we considered making an auction where those made objects were sold for the highest price on some monthly meetings in which everyone from the company could participate. The lamps, candlesticks or any other kind of creative and unique things could be made by the craftsmen and sold for a bigger price than the scraps. Also, to make this useful for the maker, he could get 20-40% of the amount sold, or make it that he got the amount differentiated from the price that scrap metal was sold before and the price that the new object had after selling it. We must consider the negative side of such solution. The first thing it would take time to implement such a strategy and decide on some parts, the second thing is that it would require to decide what percentage the maker would get from selling his piece of art, the third thing is that it would also require to decide who could create such things and how often they should do that, whether everyone that has extra time in the axial workshop would be allowed and senior craftsmen would be like tutors or mentors, or only those craftsmen could do that; the fourth thing is that there should be a test period of the auction to find if it is useful and profitable or not and if not owe could it be adjusted. Summarizing all things mentioned about this alternative, it is clear that this solution would be more effective compared to previous ones. The workers would have where to spend their free time in between working hours or after; they would also have a chance to show their creativity and teach others which would lead to getting more responsibilities; the sales of these objects could be bigger than sales of scrap metal; nobody in this process would be harmed or punished; employees would De motivated Ana tenet sell-actualization would Increase connecting both Moscow and Herbert theories. Suggested solution As mentioned in the previous chapter, we decided to choose the third alternative that relates to Masons hierarchy of needs theory and Herrings motivator-hygiene theory. The solution is to allow the process of creating some things from the scrap metal and then after selling it at the company made auction share the sum between the maker and the company. If there was something unsold, give it as a gift for the retirement or other specific occasion to workers. This solution was provided, because it had stronger and more positive results than some other alternatives that we did not mention, but considered as irrelevant to our case. Biggest consequences for this suggested solution could be shown as negative or ineffective answers to such questions: Is it going to work? How long will it take to implement this? How much will it cost? Who will be implementing this? What if workers do not want this solution? If our solution works good, will not take too much time to implement, will not cost too much and we will know who will be responsible for what, then everything should be good unless workers will not accept it.

Camping Vs. Resort free essay sample

Every year millions of families take a family vacation to get away from reality and be able to relax. Some families like to go camping out in the wilderness, while others go to a fancy five-star resort. Both camping and vacationing at a resort can be fun and relaxing, but there are many differences of the two, such as, the amount of effort to set up and get prepared, the comfort level, and the surroundings. When camping in the wilderness, most people need to set up their camp grounds, for instance they will need to set up tents and gather wood to make a fire. Another thing they will need to do is prepare food. The family will either have to bring their own food or go hunting for their food. Some people actually enjoy hunting and do not mind cooking, so for them it is part of the vacation experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Camping Vs. Resort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Setting up camp may take time and patience, where on the other hand, vacationing at a resort, there are maids and room service to do everything, so no one has to put in any effort while they are on their relaxing vacation. The people who stay at a resort will not have to worry about setting up a tent because there are maids who come every morning to make the beds and clean the room for the guest. Guest also do not have to pack food and cook for their family if they do not want to; they can just go to one of the ten restaurants in and around the resort. However, more important to the vacationers is the comfort level of where they will be staying. Whether someone is camping in an RV or just in a tent, the comfort level is not very high. There will not be any comfy beds to sleep on and in some cases there won’t even be a shower or a toilet. Another uncomfortable thing to worry about when camping is air condition. Unless someone has a high-tech RV (which is not real camping) there won’t be any air condition and it can become very hot and humid out in the wilderness. Also when camping there are inevitably going to be bugs and wild animals around. People going camping have to be careful not to leave food out in the open unless they want an unexpected visitor eating their food and they will need to be careful of poisonous plants like poison ivy, which can make the rest of the vacation very distressing. Unlike camping, a five-star resort has everything to make it more than comfortable for the guest. Most five-star resorts have at least two queen size beds, a pull-out couch, and a few comfy chairs to sit in. Some resorts even have a kitchen and refrigerator for the guest. At every resort there is at least one shower in a suite and there is even mini shampoos and soaps, so the guest do not have to bring their own. Most importantly, there is air conditioning and the guest can change the room temperature to their liking. To some people it is not just about the comfort level of a vacation spot but the surroundings. Most people go on a vacation to get away from reality for a while as there is usually not many other people around and there is poor or no cell phone and wireless service. That could be a very relaxing to some people, but if something bad happens, like an emergency, no one is around to help. Another thing is that there is no other attractions around for miles. If the kids get bored or if anyone needs anything from the store, they will have to drive out of the way to town. In contrast, a five-star resort has other guest on vacation at the resort trying to relax and have a good time. There is also cell phone and wireless service so the guest can stay in touch with their family members and the world. Also, if a guest just wants to get away from the stressful work environment, they can go to a relaxing resort with a beautiful view and still be able to do some work (but not too much). In addition, a resort usually has different kinds of attractions in and around the resort, like theme-parks, pools, spas, and site-seeing. There is always something to do when staying at a resort. Where ever a family decides to go for a vacation, whether it is camping in the wilderness or staying at a five-star resort, there is no doubt they are both relaxing and fun for the family, but there are many differences of the two. The amount of effort that goes into setting up and to get prepared, the comfort level, and the surroundings are just some main differences of the two kinds of vacations.

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Themes essays

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Themes essays Ken Keseys novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, is a very interesting yet disturbing account of the human psyche. It is the story of several men living in an insane asylum and the journey of one unique man ironically trapped in this society. Randle McMurphy is an extremely dimensional character and this is shown through the books themes and illustration of life in an abnormal mind. In this novel, many themes exist through the characters but the strongest ones are those of rebellion, friendship and courage. The story portrays the mysteries of what goes on inside a mental institution, the need that the men in the asylum have for friendship, and the courage the men have to stand up to the their greatest fear, Mrs. Ratched. The themes of rebellion and courage are apparent constantly throughout the story because of the mens everyday, on-going struggle with Nurse Ratched. McMurphys endeavor with Ratched is the most centralized plot line of the book and his impact on the mens lives is of equal importance. When McMurphy came to the mental institution the men were so fascinated by him and they wanted to know everything about him. Randle was a gambler, a thief, and although very doubtful, a very courageous man. As soon as he came to the ward the Big Nurse knew he would be trouble. McMurphy did everything he could to try and make the nurse go crazy. He broke alm ost all of the rules. Randle tried to take all the other patients money by gambling, planned fishing trips the nurse was totally against, fought with the black boys (who were assistants on the ward), and gave the other men courage to stand up to Mrs. Ratched when they probably wouldnt have otherwise done so. Randle McMurphy brought courage to the ward. The value of friendship shows up quite frequently in the story because of the unique relationship between Randle and Chief Bromden, the narrator of the tale. ...

History of architecture; transformation of the basilica 'type' form Essay

History of architecture; transformation of the basilica 'type' form from the Imperial Roman use to the use by the (Western) Catholic Church - Essay Example The structures of these buildings were designed for varying use with a consistency for certain characteristics, and a new form of decoration and building evolved. The new construction in Rome like Saint Peters, Saint John in Lateran and Saint Pauls Outside the Walls deviated from the Roman baths that used massive engineering made of brick and concrete and from the classical and simple form of temple, to colonnades circling a cella or chamber. The new construction adopted elements from traditional market places, military and riding halls and judiciary building where the interior colonnade separates the space into a major longitudinal space and aisles. These elements were employed in an innovative way to form a religious gathering hall with a better ground plan and varying interior and exterior effects to house new functions according to the evolving liturgy of the Christian church. Saint Peters Basilica has the characteristics of this form of planning and structure. Since the Basilica is situated adjacent to a hill, the way to entrance gate is connected with a monumental stairway. The Basilica has a large atrium or colonnaded court with a purification facility from a fountain. The church is a five aisled basilica with colonnades separating two aisles. The longitudinal space leads to a broad arch opening to a transverse space called the transept. An elevated sanctuary or bema is constructed after the transept and the high alter is situated on the bema in an apse or semicircular area. Saint Peters basilica is covered using a timber roof. The basilica also has sloping roof above the aisle with a gabled roof above the nave (Calkins p.10). The spatial logics of the basilica permits only partial view of the ceremony. The ruler or emperor was the only layman allowed to enter the sanctuary. The participation of the emperor along with the clergy in the liturgical function by

Television Habits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television Habits - Essay Example There are some advantages to allowing children to view television programming. Educational programming like Barney, Sesame Street, and Dora the Explorer are designed to promote growth and learning. Educational programming teaches valuable skills like spelling, reading, and math. Some programming teaches values, life lessons, and proper dietary habits. Commercials are beginning to educate children about the negative effects of drugs, alcohol and smoking encouraging families to spend time together. When viewed properly, television can be a strong educational tool and a means for families to spend some quality time with each other. Television viewing should lead to discussions to reinforce learning and to answer questions about the content of the program which was confusing or unclear. Although there are some advantages to allowing children to watch television, there are many more advantages to limiting television. Limiting television can create more time for family gathering and activities. Interaction with family provides opportunity for children to imitate and learn values and skills from parents. Children who are encouraged to play instead of watching television benefit from exercise and social interaction with adults and children and this helps develop appropriate social skills and healthy children. Television is not interactive and can only teach through devices like repetition and music, which does not reinforce learning. Teaching a child without the use of television or as a secondary educational source can provide reinforced learning. Hands-on activities and social interaction on topics related to the television learning will ensure that the children have learned necessary skills. Many television programs teach violence and sex while smoking, alcohol, or drugs are often depicted as fun party activities or cool to do with friends. Watching television for lengthy periods often leads to an inactive lifestyle creating obesity among children. Children become less responsive to surroundings when set in front of the television and attention spans become shorter. Watching educational programs can promote learning and if parents watch with children learning can be reinforced and questions can be answered. Viewing appropriate programming with children offers time for family and a better understanding of television content; however, lengthy viewing times are harmful for both parents and children. Television viewing can lead to long periods of inactivity and the lack of exercise can lead to obesity. Childhood obesity can lead to a negative impact on necessary social skills. "The most widespread consequences of childhood obesity are psychosocial. Obese children become targ ets of early and systematic discrimination and as they mature, the effects of discrimination become more culture-bound and insidious (Dietz, 1998, 518)." Childhood obesity can also lead to adulthood disease like diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The advantages of limiting children's television viewing habits outweigh the advantages of increasing viewing habits toward educational programming. Quality family time away from the television should be reason enough to turn off the television. Healthy children who eat right and exercise will create a healthier and happier society. Children

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTION OF AN ALLOCATED SCENARIO-BIG BROTHER BART Essay

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTION OF AN ALLOCATED SCENARIO-BIG BROTHER BART - Essay Example The case brings out the work of Bart and also brings into light the software used by him to keep a tab on the employee systems to ensure that the software is working fine. Bart uses this software to keep track of people who have issues with new software and he uses this log in to simply keep an eye on the working conditions of the software. Bart’s manager requests him to use this software to keep track of two specific employees who are under the suspicion of trading in drugs using the office computers. Bart is faced with an ethical dilemma here and is unsure of whether it is a good idea to keep a tab on an employee’s computer for this reason. In this case the question is to analyse whether it is ethical for Bart to keep a tab on the employee systems or not and to analyse the theories that relate to these. The two chosen theories here are Utilitarianism and Deontology. The following section provides a brief overview of these theories and helps set the base for analysis o f the case. Utilitarianism and Kantian Deontology share one thing in common, i.e. they are both aimed to provide solutions to moral dilemmas. Utilitarianism is more of morality of justice and it focuses more on maximising the utility or ensuring that most numbers of persons are satisfied and happy with the result that is taken up (Tavani, 2004: 234 - 244). This is relatively much better than the Kantian Deontology or any other deontology approach as this takes into consideration the importance of satisfying people and tries to build a foundation with complete justice (Rachels, 1998: 226 - 240). Here in the case of Utilitarianism, the main aim is to ensure that all parties involved are benefiting from the decision made and there is a high level of success for a number of people in the case. This method (utilitarianism) takes everybody to be equal and it looks for a solution which is for the benefit of more number of people (Held, 2006:

Importance Of Physical Activity In Schools Education Essay

Importance Of Physical Activity In Schools Education Essay Engaging in acts of physical activity from a young age is very important for both the mental and physical health of a child; the habits learnt in youth tend to continue onto adulthood thus having an effect on the prevalence of obesity and related illnesses in society. So why is physical activity so important for children and what age is instilling positive habits most beneficial? What roles do teachers of today play in addressing and preventing obesity in our children and what are effective strategies to do this? The benefits of physical activity are vast. Physical activity has been associated with a lowered risk of cardiovascular disease and also an increased life expectancy so its importance is obvious but its value in children sometimes needs to be justified. It is never too early to start teaching a child positive behaviours and habits, however, in middle childhood (ages 6-10) children tend to be in a stage of development where they think very literally they will absorb everything you teach, do, and say and are incredibly influential. It is t this stage of development that their most likely to be taught healthy eating habits, develop exercise programs and have an interest in organised sports. Young people will carry established healthy behaviours throughout their lives such as better eating habits and decreased likelihood of smoking (Shilton, T. and Naughton, G. 2001). Through physical activity children of middle childhood develop healthy muscles, bones and joints; they develop a healthy heart and lungs and they also develop a higher neuromuscular awareness which influences their co-ordination, how they control movement and the development of fine and gross motor skills. Most obviously it enables them to maintain a healthy body weight. Physical activity has also been linked to psychological benefits by improving the control children have over the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Studies have also shown that the participation in physical activity can assist in the social development of children aged 6-10 by providing the opportunity for expression, building confidence and social interaction. Physically active young people have been noted to more readily adopt other healthy lifestyle behaviours (avoidance of tobacco, alcohol and drugs) and demonstrate higher academic performance at school. Children of the ages six to ten spend the majority of their time at school so naturally an effective tool in addressing the problems associated with physical activity and obesity is having teachers play an active role in promoting healthy lifestyles. Schools have been recognized as an appropriate setting for the prevention of eating disorders and child obesity due to the continual and concentrated access to a large number of individuals at a developmentally appropriate age (Neumark-Sztainer, 1996). Research has shown that well-designed and implemented school programs can effectively promote physical activity, healthy eating, and reduction of television viewing and time spent using the computer and computer games. Teachers have access to a great number of young people in an environment that allows debate and lessons about body image, nutrition, and weight These teachers also have the chance to initiate the reinforcement of prevention pro- grams using the whole school approach (Neumark -Sztainer, 1996; ODea Maloney, 2000). Home Economics, Science, Dance, and English teachers have opportunities to become involved in preventive activities within their appropriate curriculum areas as well as through involvement in pastoral care roles such as advisors, student welfare coordinators, and head teachers. (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Harris, 1999). One strategy teachers can use in the classroom to address and treat the occurrence of obesity in children is to discontinue the use of food as a reward. Food has been used to reward children for good behaviour and performance. Its a very easy, powerful and inexpensive tool in bringing about immediate behavioural changes in children of thee ages six to ten. However, using food as reward often encourages overeating of unhealthy foods high in fat, sugar and little or no nutritional value whatsoever. Rewarding with food can interfere with children of these ages learning to eat in response to hunger and teaches them to eat when they are not hungry. Finding alternatives to food rewards is an important part of providing a healthy school environment. Rewarding children with unhealthy foods in school undermines our efforts to teach them about good nutrition. Its like teaching children a lesson on the importance of not smoking, and then handing out ashtrays and lighters to the kids who did the best job listening. (Schwartz, M.B, Brownell, K.D. 2007). Alternatives to food as a reward include; Social rewards like praise and attention (in front of others). Recognition with certificates and letters of congratulation to parents or caregivers. Privileges of going first, choosing a class activities or sitting by friends. Another way teachers can positively assist the prevention of obesity is to make exercise fun and incorporate it into the daily routine. Forcing children to participate in activities they do not enjoy could have a negative effect on how the child views physical activity in the future. Often sport in school is repetitive and favours the more athletic students in a class. Variety is very important and teachers should seek input from students to which game should be played, it could even be used as a reward allowing the child who has performed best to choose the activity. Incorporating fitness to the daily classroom regime can also be effective. For children attention can begin to wander if activities are too long and for some being sedentary for too long is difficult. At the beginning or end of lessons encourage children to dance, jump and use basic movement. Fun activities like hopping to the bathroom, skipping to other activities around the classroom can also be incorporated and can a id in childrens refinement of fine and gross motor skills. Additionally exercise shouldnt be used as punishment. Children learn to dislike things used as punishments. Penalizing children with physical activity might lead them to avoid activities that are important for maintaining their health. Integrate nutrition education lessons into the curriculum. You can apply nutrition education information into science, maths, language art and health lessons. Along with students collect pictures of healthy nutritional foods and junk foods from magazines, and newspapers. Have the students help to categorize the foods on posters healthy food and junk food. Display this in the classroom where everyone can see and use it at a reference for children to set realistic, well-defined, measurable goals for themselves regarding healthy eating and physical activity. As an example a child might plan to eat five servings of vegetables and two servings of fruit every day or they will play for half an hour after school at least four days a week. Have students record their progress over time. These goals can be graphed and incorporated into certain lessons. Teachers have a valuable contribution to make in the domain of physical activity and the prevention of childhood obesity. In the past they have been underutilized as successful agents of change. This may be because school professionals are uneducated about nutrition and methods of prevention. In order for future prevention of obesity to be a success, perseverance and ongoing training for teachers and schools involved is required. Training must increase knowledge of nutrition, physical activity, obesity, and preventive techniques. Finally, teacher-training programs should stress the importance of development and age specific strategies in the education of children in this area in order to fully utilize schools as an effective setting for prevention and to improve future prevention initiatives, and to promote the health of our young people. Source: Obesity Prevention in Children: Strategies for Parents and School Personnel, National Association of School Psychologists; www.nasponline.org; (301) 657-0270. Printed with permission and provided by the St. Vrain Valley School Districts Public Information Office. Shilton, T. and Naughton, G. (2001). Physical activity and children: a statement of importance and call to action from the Heart Foundation. National Heart Foundation of Australia. Retrieved from http://www.heartfoundation.com.au/downloads/physical%20activity%20and%20%20children.htm Neumark-Sztainer, D. (1996). School based programs for preventing eating distur- bances. Journal of School Health, 66, 64-71. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., Coller, T. (1999). Perceptions of secondary school staff toward the implementation of school-based activities to prevent weight-related disorders: A needs assessment. American Journal of Health Promotion, 13(3),153-156. Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., Harris, T. R. (1999). Beliefs and attitudes about obesity among teachers and school health care providers working with adolescents. Journal of Nutrition Education, 31(1),3-9. ODea, J. (2000). School based interventions to prevent eating problems: First do no harm. Eating Disorders, 8, 123-130. ODea, J. (2004) Child obesity prevention: First, do no harm. Health Education Research: Theory and Practice. 20, 259-265. ODea, J. Abraham, S. F. (2000). Improving the body image, eating attitudes, and behaviours of young male and female adolescents: A new educational approach that focuses on self-esteem. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 28, 43-57. ODea, J. Abraham, S. F. (2001). Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours related to weight control, eating disorders, and body image in Australian trainee home economics and physical education teachers. Journal of Nutrition Education, 33, 332-340. ODea, J. Maloney, D. (2000) Preventing eating and body image problems in children and adolescents using the health promoting schools framework. Journal of School Health, 70(1),18-21. Neumark-Sztainer, D. (1996). School based programs for preventing eating disturbances. Journal of School Health, 66, 64-71. Hill, A. and Silver, E. Fat, friendliness and Unhealthy: 9 year old childrens perceptions of body shape and stereotypes. International Journal of Obesity Related metabolic Disorders 1995; 19(6), 423-30. Government of Western Australia. Keep it fun: supporting youth sport. Clubs guide to encouraging positive parent behaviour. op. cit. Government of Western Australia. Keep it fun: supporting youth sport. Clubs guide to encouraging positive parent behaviour. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Sport and Recreation. http://www.dsr.wa.gov.au Schwartz, M.B., Brownell, K.D. (2007). Actions Necessary to Prevent Childhood Obesity: Creating the Climate for Change. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 78-89. Schwartz, M.B. Brownell, K.D. (2005). Future directions for preventive action on obesity. In Obesity prevention in the 21st century: Public health approaches to tackle the obesity pandemic. Crawford, D. Jeffrey, R. (Eds.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 307-330 2 Puhl R. and Schwartz, MB (2003). If you are good you can have a cookie: The link between childhood food rules and adult eating behaviours. 283-293 http://kids.nsw.gov.au/uploads/documents/obesityactionplan.pdf

James Joyces Araby - Auditory Imagery in Araby :: Joyce Dubliners Araby Essays

Auditory Imagery in Araby  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I noticed a lot of auditory imagery in "Araby" that helped to enhance the meaning of the story. The first is the description of the sound in the streets when the young man is walking by thinking of the girl he loves. He hears the "curses of laborers," the "shrill litanies of shop boys," and "nasal chantings of street singers." All of these images, besides just making the street seem busy, also make it seem like an unpleasant and intruding scene, almost like you would want to cover your ears and hurry through as fast as possible. This compliments perfectly the boy's imagination that he is "carrying his chalice safely through a throng of foes." In the scene where the boy is in the priest's house late at night, the auditory imagery helps contribute to the sense of drama. "There was no sound in the house," but outside boy heard the rain "impinge upon the earth" with "fine incessant needles of water." The choice of words here makes the rain seem almost as if it is hostile. You can hear th e force and fury of the storm, and this makes the emotions the boy is feeling seem even more intense. Later, when the boy is looking out the window of the top story of his house, he looks down and sees his friends playing in the street, and their cries reach him "weakened and indistinct." This image brings about an impression that the boy now feels "removed" from his friends and their games, because he is caught up in his fantasy. Normally, he would probably be down there playing with them, but now his head is filled with much more pressing thoughts, and they drown out the laughter and fun of his friends and their "childish" games. Finally, when the boy enters the bazaar, he recognizes "a silence like that which pervades a church after a church service.

A Woman of No Importance/Mrs. Warren’s Profession

Consider the various ways in which Wilde presents the role of women in contemporary society in A Woman of No Importance. Compare and contrast this with Shaw’s presentation of the female characters in Mrs. Warren’s Profession. Ensure that you offer alternative viewpoints in your answer as well as demonstrating aspects of the dramatic and theatrical from both texts. In both A Woman of No Importance (1893) and Mrs.Warren’s Profession (1894) texts, there is evidence of shared and contrasting views regarding the role of women in contemporary society presented through characters’ attitudes, and this is particularly significant, considering that both plays were written near the turn of the century in a majorly patriarchal society, when the onset of equal right’s was finally beginning to be considered and the ‘liberated woman’ had surfaced. How exactly did Wilde and Bernard Shaw present this? There much evidence to ponder.An arguably atypical a nd progressive nature of some of the female characters in both texts is evident within, particularly in that of A Woman of No Importance’s American puritan Hester Worsely, ironically named after adulterous Hester Prynne of the Victorian novel ‘The Scarlet Letter’ (1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne). Hester is very much opposed to the aristocratic nature of the rest of the party and refers to English society as â€Å"shallow, selfish, foolish†, (act II, p33) believing in social and gender equality.This is made clear when she goes on to show her outrage towards unseen infamous Lord Henry Weston, Lady Caroline’s brother, and how they â€Å"are unjust to women in England† and she believes â€Å"If a man and a woman have sinned†¦ †¦let them both be branded†. Her somewhat inappropriately timed speeches suggest her views are regarded as estranged, perhaps due to her bashful naivety, and I believe the perhaps it was Wilde’s intention for Hester to symbolize ‘the New Woman’, and her out of place nature following initial introduction to Victorian society.Hester’s outlook and views on society are not dissimilar to the â€Å"strong, confident, self-possessed,† character of Vivie Warren in ‘Mrs. Warren’s Profession’, who is also a firm believer in the liberation of women and equality of sexes, and whom, after immediate introduction demonstrates uncharacteristically male mannerisms and possessions, â€Å"A lady’s bicycle is propped up against the wall† A Woman of No Importance/Mrs. Warren’s Profession Consider the various ways in which Wilde presents the role of women in contemporary society in A Woman of No Importance. Compare and contrast this with Shaw’s presentation of the female characters in Mrs. Warren’s Profession. Ensure that you offer alternative viewpoints in your answer as well as demonstrating aspects of the dramatic and theatrical from both texts. In both A Woman of No Importance (1893) and Mrs.Warren’s Profession (1894) texts, there is evidence of shared and contrasting views regarding the role of women in contemporary society presented through characters’ attitudes, and this is particularly significant, considering that both plays were written near the turn of the century in a majorly patriarchal society, when the onset of equal right’s was finally beginning to be considered and the ‘liberated woman’ had surfaced. How exactly did Wilde and Bernard Shaw present this? There much evidence to ponder.An arguably atypical a nd progressive nature of some of the female characters in both texts is evident within, particularly in that of A Woman of No Importance’s American puritan Hester Worsely, ironically named after adulterous Hester Prynne of the Victorian novel ‘The Scarlet Letter’ (1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne). Hester is very much opposed to the aristocratic nature of the rest of the party and refers to English society as â€Å"shallow, selfish, foolish†, (act II, p33) believing in social and gender equality.This is made clear when she goes on to show her outrage towards unseen infamous Lord Henry Weston, Lady Caroline’s brother, and how they â€Å"are unjust to women in England† and she believes â€Å"If a man and a woman have sinned†¦ †¦let them both be branded†. Her somewhat inappropriately timed speeches suggest her views are regarded as estranged, perhaps due to her bashful naivety, and I believe the perhaps it was Wilde’s intention for Hester to symbolize ‘the New Woman’, and her out of place nature following initial introduction to Victorian society.Hester’s outlook and views on society are not dissimilar to the â€Å"strong, confident, self-possessed,† character of Vivie Warren in ‘Mrs. Warren’s Profession’, who is also a firm believer in the liberation of women and equality of sexes, and whom, after immediate introduction demonstrates uncharacteristically male mannerisms and possessions, â€Å"A lady’s bicycle is propped up against the wall†

A History of Mengeles Gruesome Experiments on Twins

A History of Mengele's Gruesome Experiments on Twins From May 1943 until January  1945, Nazi doctor Josef Mengele worked at Auschwitz, conducting pseudo-scientific medical experiments. Many of his cruel experiments were conducted on young twins. Notorious Doctor of Auschwitz Bettmann/Contributor/Getty Images Mengele, the notorious doctor of Auschwitz, has become an enigma of the 20th century. Mengeles handsome physical appearance, fastidious dress, and calm demeanor seemingly contradicted his attraction to murder and gruesome experiments. Mengeles seeming omnipresence at the railroad unloading platform called the ramp, as well as his fascination with twins,  incited images of a mad, evil monster. His ability to elude capture increased his notoriety and gave him a mystical and devious persona. In May 1943, Mengele entered Auschwitz as an educated, experienced, medical researcher. With funding for his experiments, he worked alongside some of the top medical researchers of the time. Anxious to make a name for himself, Mengele searched for the secrets of heredity. The Nazi ideal of the future would benefit from the help of genetics, according to Nazi doctrine.  If so-called Aryan women could give birth to twins who were sure to be blond and blue-eyed,  the future could be saved. Mengele, who worked for Professor Otmar Freiherr von Vershuer, a biologist who pioneered twin methodology in the study of genetics, believed that twins held these secrets. Auschwitz seemed the best location for such research because of a large number of available twins to use as specimens. The Ramp Mengele took his turn as the selector on the ramp, but unlike most of the other selectors, he arrived sober. With a small flick of his finger or riding crop, a person would either be sent to the left or to the right, to the gas chamber or to hard labor. Mengele would get very excited when he found twins. The other SS officers who helped unload the transports had been given special instructions to find twins, dwarfs, giants, or anyone else with a unique hereditary trait like a club foot or heterochromia (each eye a different color). Mengele was on the ramp not only during his selection duty but also when it was not his turn as a selector, to ensure twins would not be missed.   As the unsuspecting people were herded off the train and ordered into separate lines, SS officers shouted Zwillinge! (Twins!) in German. Parents were forced to make a quick decision. Unsure of their situation, already being separated from family members when forced to form lines, seeing barbed wire, smelling an unfamiliar stench - was it good or bad to be a twin? Sometimes, parents announced they had twins, and in other cases, relatives, friends, or neighbors made the statement. Some mothers tried to hide their twin, but the SS officers and Josef Mengele searched through the surging ranks of people looking for twins and anyone with unusual traits. While many twins were either announced or discovered, some sets of twins were successfully hidden and walked with their mothers into the gas chamber. About 3,000 twins were pulled from the masses on the ramp, most of them children. Only around 200 of these twins survived. When the twins were found, they were taken away from their parents. As the twins were led away to be processed, their parents and family stayed on the ramp and went through selection. Occasionally, if the twins were very young, Mengele would allow the mother to join her children to ensure their health. Processing After the twins had been taken from their parents, they were taken to the showers. Since they were Mengeles children, they were treated differently than other prisoners. Though they suffered through medical experiments, the twins were often allowed to keep their hair and allowed to keep their own clothes. The twins were then tattooed  and given a number from a special sequence. They were then taken to the twins barracks where they were required to fill out a form. The form asked for a brief history and basic measurements, such as age and height. Many of the twins were too young to fill the form out by themselves, so the Zwillingsvater (twins father) helped them. This inmate was assigned to the job of taking care of the male twins. Once the form was filled out, the twins were taken to Mengele. He asked them more questions and looked for any unusual traits. Life for the Twins Each morning, life for the twins began at 6 oclock. The twins were required to report for roll call in front of their barracks, regardless of weather conditions. After roll call, they ate a small breakfast. Then each morning, Mengele would appear for an inspection. Mengeles presence did not necessarily cause fear in the children. He was often known to appear with pockets full of candy and chocolates, to pat them on the head, talk with them, and sometimes even play. Many of the children, especially the younger ones, called him Uncle Mengele. The twins were given brief instruction in makeshift classes and were sometimes even allowed to play soccer. The children were not required to do hard work or labor. Twins were also spared from punishments, as well as from the frequent selections within the camp. The twins had some of the best conditions of anyone at Auschwitz until the trucks came to take them to the experiments. Mengeles Twin Experiments Generally, every twin had to have blood drawn every day. Besides having blood drawn, the twins underwent  various medical experiments. Mengele kept his exact reasoning for his experiments a secret. Many of the twins that he experimented on did not know the purpose of the experiments, or what exactly what was being injected into or otherwise done to them. The experiments included: Measurements:  The twins were forced to undress and lie next to each other. Then, every detail of their anatomy was carefully examined, studied, and measured. What was the same between the two was deemed to be hereditary, and what was different was deemed to be the result of the environment. These tests would last for several hours.Blood:  The frequent blood tests and experiments included mass transfusions of blood from one twin to another.Eyes:  In attempts to fabricate blue eye color, drops or injections of chemicals would be put in the eyes. This often caused severe pain, infections, and temporary or permanent blindness.Shots and Diseases:  Mysterious injections caused severe pain. Injections into the spine and spinal taps were given with no anesthesia. Diseases, including typhus and tuberculosis, would be purposely given to one twin and not the other. When one died, the other was often killed to examine and compare the effects of the disease.Surgeries:  Various surgerie s were performed without anesthesia, including organ removal, castration, and amputation. Death:  Dr. Miklos Nyiszli was Mengeles prisoner pathologist. The autopsies became the final experiment. Nyiszli performed autopsies on twins who had died from the experiments or who had been purposely killed just for after-death measurements and examination. Some of the twins had been stabbed with a needle that pierced their heart and was then injected with chloroform or phenol, which caused near-immediate blood coagulation and death. Some of the organs, eyes, blood samples, and tissues would be sent to Verschuer for further study.

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buy custom Voice and Data Network essay Voice and data network is a relatively new technology that makes it possible for telephone calls to be made via computer networks especially the internet. The technology allows the conversion of analogue voice signals into packets of digital data and also the technology supports real-time two way communication by use of Internet Protocol (IP). This paper looks at the advantages and disadvantages of a combined voice and data network with a case scenario of voice-data installation. Advantages and Disadvantages of a Combined Voice and Data Network Advantages With the ability of the technology to transmit data, video and voice over a wide geographical area, it has become both possible and cheaper to set up teleconferences with clients and offices in any part of the world within the shortest time possible. Business organization can therefore significantly save the costs previously incurred on long distance telecommunication and also travelling costs (Bates Gregory, 2007). With the refinement of the technology, the service providing firms have been able to offer varying packages suitable for each size of business organizations and other entities. Voce clarity as a result of the combined voice and data network has been identified as a major advantage as a result of advancement of this technology. Voice clarity and sharpness is much more advanced than any other technology in the market. The technology has been attributed to the ability to deliver voice clarity and sharpness at 8000 HZ a second which is far much higher than the average 4000 HZ per second (Ellis, 2003). With the internationalization of businesses, company employees can access the companys data from anywhere in the world aiding in business operations. Also internationalized businesses have been able to support customers faster and effectively support globalization efforts of the business Disadvantages The technology currently being used for the combined voice and data network is still new in its application and any complications and accidents may not adequately be tackled effectively and efficiently. That has had the potential of crippling or at least grounding the operations of a whole business entity. Therefore, the security and reliability of data is prone to risks that also affects computers and telephone services including virusess, hackers and worms. The installation costs for the combined voice and data network in a business is very high, often not even recoupable in the short run (Ellis, 2003). Therefore, business organizations have to invest huge sums of money in the technology in their offices. Case Study Yes, I did take part in an installation of a voice and data network in a business premises. We as a team had to replace a patchwork of a couple of phone systems at a business headquarters to facilitate the coordination of the agencys projects. In the installation, the company deployed 200 Cisco IP telephones coupled with additional hardware, software and services ultimately costing US$ 430,000. About four days down the line, the company had cut down the monthly phone expenses by half. But even with the increased savings, the company is still a long way in fetching the full returns on that technological voice and data network investment. In conclusion, the above realized advantages and disadvantages of the network will in future define the way business organizations in the private and public sectors work in the future and especially the way they will communicate. Buy custom Voice and Data Network essay

Speaker responce on sport markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speaker responce on sport markting - Essay Example She has travelled the world so I am sure that she understands the cultural aspect of sports marketing particularly when the market is international in scope. The requirements for this had been outlined by Blanchard et al., (2012), underpinning a degree of market heterogeneity that sports marketers should understand. The speaker’s expertise is on television and she offered really helpful insights with regards to producing marketable content. What made her relevant for me in this respect was that despite her generation in terms of the length of her career, she immediately identified mobile communication as the development that would make sports television exciting and very viable today and in the future. I believe that this is the most important part of her presentation. According to her, there is a lot of opportunities and they are within the platform where content could be accessed anytime, regardless of location. She also cited the role of emerging players in the sports telev ision industry brought about by the new capabilities allowed by technology. Based from what she has talked about, it seems to me that there will be a lot of diversity in terms of marketing. This is where I believe I could apply what I have learned in the presentation to my career. She provided the details with how I would be able to maximize marketing opportunities and engage the target market by using the new media such as mobile communication and technologies such as streaming technology. I see several insights that are applicable to marketing events such as the Qatar Olympics. In learning the tools and strategies as told by the speaker, I think that I could create or build a sound marketing strategy for it, one that maximizes its potential as a sporting event. While the speaker began the presentation with an outline of opportunities, she also gave enough materials that allowed the audience to determine that despite the technological

Influence of Creativity on Modern Education Research Paper

Influence of Creativity on Modern Education - Research Paper Example The range of creativity is believed to traverse across multitudes of academic disciplines, such as philosophy, psychology, theology, linguistics, technology, economics, etc. Creativity alone is considered a tree branched with general intelligence, neurological and mental processes, mental health, and the relationship between creative ability, and personality type (Dunkel 209-216). Science has bestowed the phenomenon of creativity with many definitions and approaches. However, targeted investigation has been focused on what makes some people more cognitive or creative than others. To this end, it is generally defined to be reliant on the Four Ps: Process, Person, Place and Product. ‘Process’ is defined to be the techniques and thought mechanism exercised for creative thinking. ‘Person’ is defined to be the intellectual habits, such as expertise, exploratory nature, and autonomy. ‘Place’ is considered to be the environment, circumstances, and reso urces that let creativity flourish. ‘Product’ is considered to be the execution of thoughts into the production of something of value, of note (Amabile 98). If creativity is looked upon in ancient backgrounds, it was not recognized by the renowned scholars such as Plato. It is known to have gained substance in the early Renaissance era, when creativity was attributed to God by Christians and Jews of that time who quoted verses from their holy books in arguments and scholarly discourse. It later became popular after the arrival of Darwinism and was promoted in the early 20th century by mathematicians such as Henri Poincare and Hermann von Helmholtz (Cropley 111). This popular rise caused scientists to separately study the subject of creativity, devise theories and techniques, and later associate creativity with education. However, the renewed interest and debate on current education curriculum, and the need for its amelioration are primarily owing to the launch of the â €Å"Sputnik 1,† by the Soviet Union in 1957. The supposed failure of engineers and scientists from the USA and other Western Countries was ascribed to their deficiency in creativity, which led to the founding of National Defense Education Act in the USA (Craft, Jeffrey, and Leibling). Incorporating creativity in education is foreseen to address many problems. It is presaged to bear benefits that will enable the present and the future generations to cope with the uncertain future, and the fast changing world. In addition, the most dominant of all benefits are economic benefits. The function of creativity in economy is considered vital for countries aiming to achieve greater economic stability, increased employment, and competitive edge in the world market. Therefore, the assimilation of creativity in education is considered imperative and indispensable, given the pace at which technology and competition are evolving. It is considered a fundamental skill for future generations to thrive in the New World. As a consequence, fostering creativity in children through education is called the production of ‘human capital,’ as Adam Smith states that the ‘wealth of nations’ is dependent on the ‘human capital’ of today and tomorrow (Craft 58). Although formal education is also imperative, it has been criticized repeatedly by theorists for restricting creativity and free thinking, and producing stereotypes and conformists. As a result, the ‘narrow’ scope of education institutions has come under question and has been blamed for manufacturing ‘robots.’ The pressing psychological impact on students to meet requirements of academic curriculum, the pressure

Celebrating, not mourning provides comfory for the living Research Paper

Celebrating, not mourning provides comfory for the living - Research Paper Example It seems time to change our cultural values whose foundation lies upon untested theories that create lengthy and distressing models which ensue in more depression rather than alleviating it. In contrast, dia de los muertos or day of the dead celebrated in Mexico is an ideal model focused on reuniting and honouring beloved ancestors, family and friends. It was believed that life is only a dream and a human being was truly awake only after his death. Thereby, death was not deemed as a mysterious and fearful ending but a realistic familiar makeup, as much a part of life as life itself. The importance of this day can be judged from the fact that it constitutes a national holiday. Festivals are arranged to commemorate ancestors. Private altars are built decorated with sugar skulls, marigold flowers, favorite foods, beverages, possessions of the deceased. Thus, focus is placed on praying for the deceased and incurring their pleasure; the exact opposite of grief culture. So instead of blind ly following mourning and grieving rituals, we should adopt a more rational approach (Rambo, 2005). Celebration of mortality is not restricted to Mexico. Veneration and worship of ancestors is faithfully observed in many parts of the world. For instance, the Chinese believe that all bodily aspects are inherited from parents who continue to work for ones well-being until one is on a firm foothold. Therefore, it is imperative to pay homage to the deceased for their gracious deeds. They occupy the position of guardian angels for the living, protecting and steering their lives to the right path. It is imperative enough to form a part of ‘filial piety’ which is the most important of the eight earthly duties that Chinese must perform. Crying over a situation will not make it any better; but acceptance of loss and commemorating memories is an integral part of the healing process. Fulfillment of earthly duties can lead to inner satisfaction; moreover, showing venerating the dec eased would establish a feeling of closeness, as if they are watching over us. Many Catholics, Buddhists also practice ancestral rights in which they honor the memories of their ancestors usually on their death anniversaries. In India, Hindus frame the portraits of their deceased and decorate them with marigold flowers as opposed to western culture which involves decorating graves with flowers. In addition, Hindus make prayers and seek the guidance of their ancestors which sounds more sensible than shedding tears over stony graves. Similarly, ancestors have been exalted to the position of deities in many African countries. Veneration of ancestors is a cornerstone of various religions practiced there. It can be concluded that ancestral rites is one of the most unifying characteristic of different cultures and religions from east to west (Park, 2010). On the other hand, habits like grieving are disastrous because the real world will never change to fulfill our wishes so people stand t o lose even more because of continued mourning. As we cannot handle he thought of our own non-existence so it is no surprise why we fail to come to terms with the absence of our loved ones. The risk of indulging in drugs or alcohol to let out sorrow or reinforce denial accelerates

Wireless Led Dot Matrix Notice Board Essay Example for Free

Wireless Led Dot Matrix Notice Board Essay POWER SUPPLY Power supply section power the whole circuitry. Different section of this system requires different voltage levels. This requirement cannot be achieved using a single power adapter or battery. So a power supply consist of dc-dc converter is used in our project. The DC-DC converted dc power supply can provide 12v dc, 9v dc and 5 v dc simultaneously for display, discrete IC and micro controller respectively. The power supply section is also included with short circuit protection to prevent system being damaged due to the careless usage or electrical malfunctions. CONTROLLER The controller used here is PIC 16f877a, which is an 8 bit micro controller used for general purpose medium scale applications. In our project this device retrieves signals from the RF receiver as serial data through its URAT port on a baud rate of 2400 bps and stores in its internal data memory. From there it sends the data one by one to display section to display it. The scrolling algorithm is also done through the program written in the controller. This controller also communicate with the RFID reader to fetch the ID of RFID card brought to its proximity and then retrieves the corresponding registry entry to display it in the display board. The scrolling message mode and personal message mode is switched with help of two way switch attached in the display board end. When the switch is in its normal position the message from the PC is displayed and when the switch is in other position the board will display the personal information of the  student whose card is in the proximity o f the RFID reader. DISPLAY The display used here are dot matrix LED. The whole panel consist of 32 displays each one of 57 dot matrix LED. Each character in this display is formed using four such display units. That means the whole display can show a total of 8 characters at a time. The display is drived and controlled using a ring counter IC 4017. By this IC we select each display independently and their column. It uses persistence of vision to let you drive the 32 led matrixes with only 10 microcontroller outputs! Normally you would need 32outputs for 32 LEDs but by using multiplexing and a helper chip you can get away with 10. LED Display multiplexing simply means turning on one led for a short period of time and doing this repeatedly for each LED. If you do this fast enough then your eye will not notice any flicker.The LEDs are no different to any other LEDs but it saves a huge amount of soldering as all the wiring has been done for you..Or you could wire it up yourself if you cant get hold of the module. Still only need 10 control wires (just wire you leds the same as shown in the module diagram). Your eye reacts slowly to changes in light intensity so that if a light is turned on and off quickly enough then it does not notice that the light is off. Basically your eye remembers a light pulse for a short time. The approximate time is 20ms so if the light is turned on at a frequency 50Hz ( 1/20ms) then your eye will not notice any flicker at all. Multiplexing uses this fact to reduce the number of pins needed to drive an LED display. You can do this by splitting the 32led displays into 7 rows and 5columns which lets you drive it using 7 row outputs and 5 column outputs. In fact the 57 led matrix block used here has all the leds arranged in this way already. Each row is driven in turn and as long as all of the rows are driven within a time period of 20ms it will appear as though the LEDs are on continuously. To turn a specific led ON, data is output to the column drivers when a row is driven. To save more pins it is common to use a helper chip and in this project it is a Johnson counter (a 4017). This generates a walking one every time that its clocked.  Since you only want one row on at a time it is the ideal chip for this application. In this project when the 4017 has been reset it outputs logic high at Q0 which is not connected so during reset the 4017 does nothing. This allows you to use the column driver port for something else if you want to when you are not driving the LEDs.To drive the 4017 all you need is two pins one for reset and one for clock. So to fully drive the 32 matrix led display you need only 4 4017. The most difficult thing about using the dot matrix LED display is defining the characters. Basically for ASCII characters you need an array of 128 blocks each having 8 column data numbers. The usual way is to get out a piece of graph paper and define your characters by drawing blocks where a pixel is on. You then translate each line into hex (binary to hex is very easy) and then transfer this information to your program source code. RFID READER RFID is used here to implement the personal information display. RFID technique helps the system for identifying each student with the help of a unique ID given to each student. This reader is capable of powering and reading data from an RFID card which is brought ot its proximity. It has a transmission section through which it sends the received data to controller. The range of this RFID is approximately about 10 cm so that it can avoid unwanted detection of RF signals. In our system RFID system consists of a reader and one or more tags. The readers antenna is used to transmit radio frequency (RF) energy. Depending on the tag type, the energy is harvested by the tags antenna and used to power up the internal circuitry of the tag. The tag will then modulate the electromagnetic waves generated by the reader in order to transmit its data back to the reader. The reader receives the modulated waves and converts them into digital data. In the case of the Parallax RFID Reader Module, correctly received digital data is sent serially through the SOUT pin. There are two major types of tag technologies. Passive tags are tags that do not contain their own power source or transmitter. When radio waves from the reader reach the chip’s antenna, the energy is converted by the antenna into electricity that can power up the microchip in the tag (known as parasitic power). The tag is then able to send back any information stored on the tag  by reflecting the electromagnetic waves as described above. Active tags have their own power source and transmitter. The power source, usually a battery, is used to run the microchips circuitry and to broadcast a signal to a reader. Due to the fact that passive tags do not have their own transmitter and must reflect their signal to the reader, the reading distance is much shorter than with active tags. However, active tags are typically larger, more expensive, and require occasional service. The RFID Reader Module is designed specifically for low-frequency (125 kHz) passive tags. Frequency refers to the size of the radio waves used to communicate between the RFID system components. Just as you tune your radio to different frequencies in order to hear different radio stations, RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate effectively. RFID systems typically use one of the following frequency ranges: low frequency (or LF, around 125 kHz), high frequency (or HF, around 13.56 MHz), ultra-high frequency (or UHF, around 868 and 928 MHz), or microwave (around 2.45 and 5.8 GHz). Here we are using an RFID Reader Module with a single TTL-level. The current consumption of the module will increase dramatically when the module is active. A visual indication of the state of the RFID Reader Module is given with the on-board LED. When the module is successfully powered-up and is in an idle state, the LED will be GREEN. When the module is in an active state and the antenna is transmitting, the LED will be RED. The face of the RFID tag should be held parallel to the front or back face of the antenna (where the majority of RF energy is focused). If the tag is held sideways (perpendicular to the antenna) youll either get no reading or a poor reading. Only one transponder tag should be held up to the antenna at any time. The use of multiple tags at one time will cause tag collisions and confuse the reader. The two tags available in the Parallax store have a read distance of approximately 3 inches. Actual distance may vary slightly depending on the size of the transponder tag and environmental conditions of the application. When a valid RFID transponder tag is placed within range of the activated reader, the unique ID will be transmitted as a 12-byte ASCII string via the TTL-level SOUT (Serial Output) pin in the  following format: RF RECEIVER The RF receiver is used to receive RF wireless signals which are transmitted fro the pc section and feed it to the controller. This receiver works in the principle of ASK modulation, an analogue modulation technique to implement digital transmission. This receiver has an active antenna. It works with power of 5V and sink a current of 0.1 mA. The maximum baud rate allowable with this receiver is 2400 bps. For efficient operation we uses 1200 bps. The range of this receiver is with in 100 mtrs. But it can be extended to kms be increasing the power of transmitter . PC SECTION PC section contains application software which is used to interface with the computer. This application has a text box where we can enter the message to be displayed in the notice board. On hitting the send button the data in the text box is transmitted to the display board wirelessly. RS 232 – TTL CONVERTER The signal obtained from th PC is of RS 232 standard. Which means the signal from the PC will be in the range of +12 to -12V level. For the transmitter and the controller to understand the signal it should be in the range of 0 +5 V. so the signal should be level converted before transmission. For this level conversion we use MAX 232 IC. This IC is dedicated for RS 232 to TTL level conversion. With the help of some discrete components this IC can convers the level to ttl logic. RF TRANSMITTER RF transmitter transmits the digital signal generated by the level converter through space as electromagnetic waves. The transmitter uses ASK modulation technique. The range varies up to 100mtrs. The power varies from 5V to 12v. The more the power supply voltage the more will be its quality and range.